Anatomy Muscles Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering muscle anatomy, origins, insertions, actions, and innervation from the lecture notes.

Deltoid

Shoulder muscle with anterior, middle, and posterior fibers; O: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula; I: deltoid tuberosity; A: anterior – flexion and medial rotation; middle – abduction; posterior – extension and lateral rotation; N: axillary (C5–C6).

Trapezius

Large upper back muscle; O: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, C7–T12 SPs; I: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula; A: Upper – extend head and elevate scapula; Middle – adduct scapula; Lower – depress scapula; N: spinal accessory (CN XI), C3–C4.

Latissimus Dorsi

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the shoulder; O: inferior angle of scapula, T6–T12 SPs, ribs 9–12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest; I: intertubercular groove of humerus; N: thoracodorsal (C6–C8).

Teres Major

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder; O: inferior angle, lower lateral border of scapula; I: lesser tubercle of humerus; N: lower subscapular (C5–C6).

Supraspinatus

Abducts shoulder (initiates first 15 degrees); O: supraspinous fossa; I: greater tubercle of humerus; N: suprascapular (C5–C6).

Infraspinatus

Laterally rotates and adducts shoulder; O: infraspinous fossa; I: greater tubercle; N: suprascapular (C5–C6).

Teres Minor

Laterally rotates and adducts shoulder; O: upper to mid-lateral border of scapula; I: greater tubercle; N: axillary (C5–C6).

Subscapularis

Medially rotates shoulder; O: subscapular fossa; I: lesser tubercle; A: medial rotation; N: upper & lower subscapular (C5–C7).

Rhomboid Major

Adducts, elevates, and downwardly rotates scapula; O: T2–T5 SPs; I: medial border of scapula (below spine); N: dorsal scapular (C4–C5).

Rhomboid Minor

Adducts, elevates, and downwardly rotates scapula; O: C7–T1 SPs; I: medial border of scapula (above spine); N: dorsal scapular (C4–C5).

Levator Scapulae

Elevates scapula and downwardly rotates; O: C1–C4 TP; I: medial border of scapula between superior angle and spine; N: dorsal scapular (C4–C5) plus C3–C4.

Serratus Anterior

Abducts and upwardly rotates scapula; holds scapula against ribcage; O: external ribs 1–8; I: anterior medial border of scapula; N: long thoracic (C5–C7).

Pectoralis Major

Adducts and medially rotates shoulder; flexes and/or extends shoulder; O: medial clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage ribs 1–6; I: greater tubercle; N: lateral & medial pectoral (C5–T1).

Pectoralis Minor

Stabilizes scapula by protracting and downwardly rotating; O: ribs 3–5; I: coracoid process; N: medial pectoral (C6–T1).

Subclavius

Depresses clavicle, elevates first rib, stabilizes sternoclavicular joint; O: first rib; I: inferior clavicle; N: subclavian (C5–C6).

Biceps Brachii

Flexes elbow and supinates forearm; also flexes shoulder; O: short head on coracoid process, long head on supraglenoid tubercle; I: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis; N: musculocutaneous (C5–C6).

Triceps Brachii

Extends elbow; long head extends and adducts shoulder; O: long head infraglenoid tubercle; lateral & medial heads posterior proximal/distal humerus; I: olecranon; N: radial (C6–C8).

Coracobrachialis

Flexes and adducts shoulder; O: coracoid process; I: medial mid-humerus; N: musculocutaneous (C6–C7).

Brachialis

Flexes elbow; O: distal anterior humerus; I: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process; N: musculocutaneous (C5–C6).

Brachioradialis

Flexes elbow in neutral (mid-prone); O: lateral supracondylar ridge; I: styloid process of radius; N: radial (C5–C6).

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Extends and abducts wrist; O: lateral supracondylar ridge; I: base of 2nd metacarpal; N: radial (C6–C7).

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Extends and abducts wrist; O: lateral epicondyle; I: base of 3rd metacarpal; N: radial (C7–C8).

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extends and adducts wrist; O: lateral epicondyle; I: base of 5th metacarpal; N: radial (C7–C8).

Extensor Digitorum

Extends digits 2–5 and assists wrist extension; O: lateral epicondyle; I: middle & distal phalanges digits 2–5; N: radial (C7–C8).

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Extends little finger and assists wrist extension; O: lateral epicondyle; I: extensor expansion of 5th digit; N: radial (C7–C8).

Anconeus

Extends elbow (weak) and stabilizes elbow; O: lateral epicondyle; I: olecranon and posterior ulna; N: radial (C7–C8).

Extensor Indicis

Extends index finger; I: extensor expansion of 2nd digit; N: radial (C7–C8).

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexes and abducts wrist; O: medial epicondyle; I: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals; N: median (C6–C7).

Palmaris Longus

Tenses palmar fascia and flexes wrist; O: medial epicondyle; I: palmar aponeurosis; N: median (C7–C8).

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Flexes and adducts wrist; O: humeral head – medial epicondyle; ulnar head – posterior ulna; I: pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal; N: ulnar (C7–C8).

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Flexes digits 2–5 (MCP, PIP) and flexes the wrist; O: medial epicondyle, coronoid process, proximal radius; I: sides of middle phalanges digits 2–5; N: median (C7–T1).

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Flexes DIP joints 2–5 and assists wrist flexion; O: proximal ulna, interosseous membrane; I: bases of distal phalanges digits 2–5; N: digits 2–3 median; digits 4–5 ulnar (C8–T1).

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Flexes thumb joints and assists wrist flexion; O: anterior radius, interosseous membrane; I: base of distal phalanx of thumb; N: median (C8–T1).

Pronator Teres

Pronates forearm and assists elbow flexion; O: medial epicondyle, coronoid process; I: lateral radius (midshaft); N: median (C6–C7).

Pronator Quadratus

Pronates forearm; O: distal ulna; I: distal radius; N: median (C8–T1).

Supinator

Supinates forearm; O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest, annular ligament; I: lateral radius; N: radial (C6).

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint; O: posterior radius & ulna, interosseous membrane; I: base of 1st metacarpal; N: radial (C6–C7).

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Extends thumb at IP joint; O: posterior ulna, interosseous membrane; I: base of distal phalanx of thumb; N: radial (C7–C8).

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Extends thumb at MCP joint; O: posterior radius, interosseous membrane; I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb; N: radial (C7–C8).

Spinalis

Part of the erector spinae group; extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column.

Longissimus

Part of the erector spinae group; extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column and head.

Iliocostalis

Part of the erector spinae group; extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column.

Quadratus Lumborum

Lateral flexion of the vertebral column; stabilizes pelvis and lumbar spine.

Rectus Abdominis

Flexes the trunk; compresses abdominal contents.

External Oblique

Compresses abdomen; flexes and contralaterally rotates trunk.

Internal Oblique

Compresses abdomen; flexes and ipsilaterally rotates trunk.

Transverse Abdominis

Compresses abdominal contents; no trunk movement.

Diaphragm

Primary muscle of inspiration; increases thoracic cavity volume.

External Intercostals

Elevate ribs during inspiration.

Internal Intercostals

Depress ribs during forced expiration.

Sternocleidomastoid

Flexes neck (bilateral); laterally flexes and rotates head to opposite side (unilateral).

Scalene Muscles

Elevate ribs during inspiration; flex and laterally flex neck.

Rectus Femoris

Extends knee; flexes hip.

Vastus Medialis

Extends knee.

Vastus Lateralis

Extends knee.

Vastus Intermedius

Extends knee.

Biceps Femoris

Flexes knee; extends hip.

Gluteus Maximus

Extends and laterally rotates hip.

Gluteus Medius

Abducts and medially rotates hip.

Gluteus Minimus

Abducts and medially rotates hip.

Piriformis

Lateral rotator of hip; assists in hip abduction when hip is flexed.

Quadratus Femoris

Lateral rotator of the hip.

Obturator Internus

Lateral rotator; assists in hip abduction when thigh is flexed.

Obturator Externus

Lateral rotator of the hip; assists in hip adduction.

Iliopsoas

Flexes hip (consists of Psoas Major and Iliacus).

Gastrocnemius

Plantarflexes ankle; flexes knee.

Soleus

Plantarflexes ankle.