Pathology Quiz 5

Pathology Quiz 5 / Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science / Exam date: 3/3/25

Inflammation

A tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury marked by localized heat, swelling, redness, pain, and sometimes loss of function

Inflammation responses depend on…

General health, nutritional state, and age

Tissue factors

Type of physical irritant

Being physical or chemical

Inflammation

A tissue reaction to irritation, infection, or injury marked by localized heat, swelling, redness, pain, and sometimes loss of function

Inflammation responses depend on…

General health, nutritional state, and age

Tissue factors

Type of physical irritant

Being physical or chemical

Four primary causes of inflammation

Physical irritants

• Trauma, heat, cold, radiation, electricity

Chemical irritants

• Poisons or infectious agents

Infectious diseases

Autoimmune disease

Five cardinal signs of inflammation

Redness (Rubor)

Heat (Calor)

Swelling (Tumor)

Pain (Dolor)

Loss of function (Functio laesa)

Redness (Rubor)

Caused by blood rushing into the area, the first sign of inflammation

Heat (Calor)

Caused by increase blood flow and vascular function

Swelling (Tumor)

Caused by exudation (fluid)

Pain (Dolor)

Caused by swelling which causes damage to nerves and initiates chemical changes

Loss of function (Functio laesa)

Limited use noticed in inflamed tissue

Congestion

Vasodilation increases the amount of blood flowing to the area due to dilation of vessels

Blood vessels are semi-permeable, therefore the permeability increases

Exudation

Stage of congestion where we have fluid entering the tissue

White blood cells enter and seal off the tissue and then fibrinogen moves into the damaged area sealing it off

Exudate

Any fluid released from the body with a high concentration of protein, cells, or solid debris

Macrophage and monocytes

Function by engulfing foreign substances

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)

Functions in destroying invading bacteria and in autolysis of the fibrin mesh

Lymphocytes

Function in development if antibodies

Fibrinogen

Forms a fibrin mesh that acts as a sealer to seal off area

It also acts as a scaffolding for repair, draws the two sides of a wound together

Suppuration

The formation of pus

The presence of pyogenic bacteria which causes liquefaction necrosis

Suppuration lasts as long as bacteria is present

Once bacteria is destroyed, you have resolution

Resolution

The termination of the inflammatory response with the affected part returning to homeostasis

Repair

The replacement of damaged tissue with fibrous connective tissue

Regeneration

The replacement of damaged cells with normal cells of the same type

Abscess

Localized accumulation of pus

Pustile

A small elevation of the skin containing pus

Vesicle

A blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid

Furuncle/boil

An abscess or pyogenic infection of a sweat gland or hair follicle

Carbuncle

Several communication furuncle/boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue

Ulcer

An open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue