APUSH - Period 4 (1800-1848)

What is Period 4 known as?

the ‘Early Republic’

Why was the US called the Early Republic during P3?

it signifies the period after the Revolutionary War when that nation was establishing its identity, after the Constitution has been written

Revolutionary War dates

1775-1783

What were the role of women from 1800-1848

“Angel of the House” housewife, source of virtue, pure

What were voting rights like during this time?

Only white men with property could vote because they had stake in the government. The idea was that if you have property you have civil responsibility.

Industrial Revolution dates

1760-1840

What was the Industrial Revolution during P3?

Took the steps in these years toward its transformation into urban, industrial society

Lousiana Purchase date

1803

What was the extent of the Louisana’s Purchase for the US?

It nearly doubled the size of the US

What did industrial systems look liked during this time?

It was still primarily agrarian, centered around agriculture and farming

Election of 1800 candidates

Thomas Jefferson, Democrat-Republician

John Adams, Federalist

Election of 1800 results

Jefferson wins

Haitian Revolution (1800)

Haiti liberates themselves from France, the reason why Napoleon sold Louisana

How did the US feel about the Haitian Revolution?

Slaveowners were scared enslaved people in the US would start rebelling

population of enslaved people in South Carolina during P4

107,094 in 1800 to 367,000 by 1850

War of 1812 causes

(James Madison president) British Impressment, Britian and France interfering with American ships, Great B allies with NA against westward expansion, Mercantilism influences Britian to put heavy taxes/inflate prices on their goods, America places an embargo which says they are not buying any foreign (British) goods, US declares war on Great B

War of 1812 causes - What was British Impressment

Forcibly drafting American soldiers into their military

What was America’s hope for the War of 1812?

wanting Canada to join forces with the US (Canada doesn’t), they wanted to force respect because they were not getting much as a nation

Francis Key Scott

made the star-spangled banner, third verse is against slaves who went to fight in Britian against the US in the war because Britian promised freedom

What was national opinion of the War of 1812?

some were made at Madison for declaring war, calling it the ‘Madison War,’ people against Federalist because of the party’s strong opposition which was seen as anti-patriotic

Talweg Amendment

says the Louisiana Purchase will not be open to slavery so white men could obtain the land

Missouri Compromise

anything above the line of Missouri is a free state, anything below the line of Missouri is a slave state, everyone is happy

What was the issue with slavery at this point?

It was not a moral issue, it was all about economics and politics

Monroe Doctrine

US foreign policy, says they will not tolerate any colonization westward by Europe and will take it as a threat

Monroe Doctrine date

1823

Market Revolution

new tech - cotton gin, canals, railroads, power loom, steam engines, textile machines, telegraph, steel plow

regional specialization, all the regions are working together for greater economic causes

Immigration during 1830s

rapid rise in European immigration from Ireland and Germany mainly because of a rise in infrastructure in America and new job opportunities came from this (a lot of immigration labor on this infrastructure), they didn’t move South because of slavery

Trail of Tears date

1830 to 1850

Trail of Tears

800-mile forced march - violent, forced displacement of NA (especially Cherokee Nation) from the homeland in southeast, Natives exposed to disease and harsh conditions many died

Indian Removal Act of 1830

wanting to move Native populations from east of the Mississippi River to west of the river

Market Revolution part 2

many in Northern regions shift from agrarian to industrial society, manufactured goods and factory system/mass production, Lowell Factory in Massachusetts, led to new social classes, calls slavery a “positive good”

Lowell Factory in Massachusetts

attracts young, single women (15-30 yrs old) because they knew they did not need to pay the women as much, eventually they went on strike because of cut wages and their protest material got attention

Southern regions during Market Revolution

crop farmers, cotton being shipped in large quantities to North and Great Britian which is why the South did not like tariffs and this caused the Nullification Crisis in 1832-33

What other movements did the Second Great Movement inspire?

Women rights and abolitionism

Nullification Crisis in 1832-33, Ordinance of Nullification

South Carolina’s senator John Calhoun declaring the tariffs void and null in SC and threatning succession if the federal government tried to oppose them, led to the Force Bill which authorized military force to enforce tariffs

Hartford Convention

meeting of Federalists to complain about the War of 1812 and growing Republican influence

Navitism

growing Irish and German immigrant increased ideas of xenophobia

Transcendentalism of 1800s

philosophical and literary movement of the 1800s, says to live a simple life while celebrating the truth in nature, emotion, and imagination. (Think Thoreau and Emerson). Believed freedom was not from rights or privileges, but an open-ended process of self realization

Henry Thoreau

influential in transcendentalism movement and critics the American market society

ideas of the Second Great Awakening

religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland trying to tax the national bank, Supreme Court rules federal law was stronger than the state law-"THE POWER TO TAX IS THE POWER TO DESTROY"

Marbury v. Madison, Judicial Review

right of Supreme Court to declare laws unconsitutional

Election of 1828

began the "Age of Jackson" Jackson ran his campaign around the idea of a "common man" party, all men encouraged to participate in political affairs

Age of Jackson

ordinary people should vote in elections, hold office, and do anything they had the ability to do

Whigs party

political party that represented many of the interests of the old Federalist party, Andrew Jackson initiated its creation

3/5th Compromise

slaves counted as 3/5th a person by the Constitution for taxation and population

Johnson vs. M'Intosh

Supreme Court case of 1832, says Indians were not owners of their land but occupiers because they were nomads

Andrew Jackson

7th president, strongly disregarded the Native Americans (Trail of Tears and ignored Worcester v. Georgia which gave NA federal protection), “Age of Jackson”, strengthened the power of the president

Pet banks

term used by Jackson's opponents, described the state banks that held federal funds used “pet” because the banks chosen were supporters of Jackson not based on financial literacy

Panic of 1837 results

state banks collapsed, Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress

Panic of 1837 cause

land speculation, excessive lending by state banks, excessive foreign lending

spoils system

system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends

perfectionism

social reform movement influenced by the idea that Americans must "perfect" society, inspired the building of orphanages, poor houses, jails, and asylums

temperance movement

encourage people to drink less alcohol, angered Catholics and hardworking men

common school

social reform effort, started by Horace Mann in the mid-1800s, promoted the idea of having all children being educated no matter social class or background

American Colonization Society

society that thought slavery was bad. They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks to move there. One of these such colonies was made into what now is Liberia. Most sponsors just wanted to get blacks out of their country

American Anti-Slavery Society

Founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists, Garrison burned the Constitution as a proslavery document. Argued for "no Union with slaveholders" until they repented for their sins by freeing their slaves

Gag rule 1835

1835 law passed by Southern congress, made it illegal to talk of abolition or anti-slavery arguments in Congress

woman suffrage

movement to get women the right to vote

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Jefferson sent them out to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory, reached the Pacific Ocean