Exam 3 Developmental Psych

Siebenbrauner, Winona State

Puberty

transition from immature individual to adult (8-14)

Secular Trend

growing bigger in each generation

Endocrine System

produce, circulate, regulate, 23 hormones

HPG axis

feedback loop to regulate levels of hormones, hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads-adrinoglands

GnRH

causes gonads to enlarge, increase sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone)

Moodiness

increase hormone levels precede rapid arousal of emotions, emotional shifts

Sexuality

sexual interest, roles, and interactions

Psychopathy

hormones influence psychopathology onset

Direct

hormonal changes-changes in behavior

Indirect

hormonal changes- appearance changes- self image/other’s views changes- behavior changes

Melatonin

during puberty levels rise later in the day and fall later

Less Sleep

increased laziness, depressive mood

Brain growth

limbic system matures faster than prefrontal cortex, instinct and emotion over reflective and analytic

Genes and Gender

females grow and mature faster, 2 years sooner

Factors for pubertal development

genetic predisposition (2/3), body fat, stress

Boys early

more popular, positive self image, deviant or risky behavior

Boys late

less popular, negative self image

Girls early

more popular, negative self image, school problems, risky or deviant behavior

Girls late

more sociable, more attractive

Body Image

idea of how body looks, dissatisfaction with 8 eating disorders

Anorexia Nervosa

1% of women, fear of gaining weight, refuse to maintain 85% of normal body weight, death

Bulimia Nervosa

1-3% women, binge-purge episodes, self-judgement, overeating, gastro-intestinal, cardiac arrest

Binge Eating

lack of control, one time a week, for three months, no compensation measures

Eating Disorder Prevention

help body dissatisfaction, negative emotions, internal ideals, protect self-esteem, social support

Family Approach

family therapy, research support is limited but widespread use

Cognitive/ Behavioral Treatments

cognitive distortions, los of control

Major Depressive Disorder

15% of adolescence, genetic, negative beliefs, lack social skills, family factors, 2:1 girls to boys

Intervention MDD

Pharmacological: SSRIs, hospitalization, therapy, family treatment

Primary Sex Characteristics

reproduction, testes, ovaries, penis, uterus

Secondary Sex Characteristics

sexual maturation, attraction

Health Sexual Development

comfort with body, accept sexual feelings, voluntary sexual activity, safe sex

Contraceptive use

1st: condom, 2nd: birth control or hormonal options

Non-contraceptive Reasons

not available, insufficient education, psychological issues, don’t realize risks, admit being a sexual being

Intellectual advancements

memory, knowledge base, speed, selective attention, metacognition

Myelination

plan, analyze, pursue goals

Hypothetical Thinking

possibilities, may or may not reflect reality

Hypothetical Deductive Thought

develop hypothesis about solving problems, systematically test solutions

Deductive Reasoning

reason form general statement, thriugh logical steps, to specifics

Intuitive Thought

memories and feelings generate thought, maturation and hormones

Adolescence Egocentrism

distorts what others think about them, uniquely special

Invincibility Fable

protect from harm, heroic or legendary

Imaginary Audience

imagine themself as center of attention

Technology Concerns

rapid attention shifts, multitask without reflection, visual learning, not mental analysis, addiction, poorly in school, escape problems

Addiction

3% US, 15% Turkey, 12% India, 22% Hong Kong

Cyberbullying

harass someone with rumors, lies, embarrassing truths, threats, 11-14 years, cause depression and suicide, less support

Adolescence (Erikson)

Identity vs. Identity Diffusion

Facet Identity

religion, sexuality, political, vocational

“Who Am I”

sense one’s self, where they go in life, how they fit into society

Diffusion

no exploratory or commitment

Foreclosure

commitment

Moratorium

exploration

Achievement

exploration and commitment

Developmental Trend

diffusion and foreclosure: 12-18, moratorium and achievement: after 21

Cliques

small groups, social interaction and learning social skills, similar, same school orientation and teen culture, involvement in antisocial activity

Crowds

large, reputation based, stereotyped individuals, what others put you in. Ex. Jock, Nerd, Stoner

Internalizing Problems

major depression

Externalizing Problems

conduct disorder

Emerging Adulthood (18-25)

identity exploration, instability to work, developing independence, subjective feelings and sense

Females

height at 16, muscle growth and fat accumulation, muscle growth to thirty then lost

Males

height at 18, muscle growth and fat accumulations, muscle growth till thirty

Health

strong immune system, chronic health problems are low, prevent illness and promote health knowledge

Bodies in Balance

organ reserve, homeostasis, allostasis

Organ Reserve

extra capacity of each organ to respond to stressful events, helps mental health

Allostasis

a body adjustment gradually changes overall physiology, long-term adjustment

Appearance

attractive, strong, obesity still low, appearance focused for romance and better jobs

Signs of Senescene

growth gradually stops, thinner, less flexible facial skin

Exercise

lower BP, stronger heart and lungs, lower depression, osteoporosis, heart disease, arthritis, cancer risks

Multidirectional

some abilities increase, decrease, or stay the same

Multi-contextual

influenced by different contexts and challenges