genetics and chromosomes

Gene

codes for proteins that determine characteristics

Cystic Fribrosis

A life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucous

What chromosome and gene is cystic fibrosis associated with?

CFTR gene, chromosome 7

How can mutation drive evolution?

It can help produce new alleles (variations in genes)

Types of mutation

Duplication, deletion, inversion, translocation

Duplication

change to a chromosome in which part of the chromosome is repeated

Deletion

A change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the chromosome is removed.

Inversion

One or more gene got flipped across the centromere

Translocation

Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome.

Point mutation/ Sickle Cell Anemia

Substitution of one nucleotide on the 6th amino acid that changes the entire code for protein.

Point mutation/ Sickle Cell Anemia mutation amino acid from what to what?

From GLU--> VAL

What kind of disorder is Sickle Cell Anemia

autosomal recessive disorder

What does sickle cell anemia cause?

Causes red blood cells to change shapes, holds less oxygen, and cannot fit through narrow capillaries (can cause blockage).

Genome

all of an organism's genetic material

Proteome

the entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells

Sanger sequencing method

A method used to examine DNA sequence

Prokaryotic chromosome

-found in cytoplasm

-has no membrane bound organelles

-circular DNA

-have plasmids that are transposable

-copies its chromosomes and divide immediately

Eukaryotic chromosome

-found in nucleus

-linear chromosomes

-many types of chromosome

-made of histone proteins

-copies its chromosome grow cells and then divides equally through mitosis

-somatic cells

Diploid

(genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes, somatic

Haploids

A cell with one copy of each chromosome; A gamete is halpoid.

karyogram

shows the chromosomes of an organism in homologous pairs of decreasing length.

karyotype

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

autosomes

first 22 chromosomes, somatic

allosomes

x,y chromosomes, gametes