Group Dynamics - Finals

Learning entails self-involvement, and that makes it ___________.

experiential

__________ is a written output that provides a framework in which the inductive process is facilitated.

Structured Learning Experience or SLE

__________ is also known as reflective observation.

Processing

Discussing the experiences that the participants have had already or sharing reactions and observations of the activity provided.

Processing (Reflective Observation)

Persons learn continuously, whether child, teen, or adult. However, each person has preferences about how they learn. __________ (1976) calls these learning style preferences, which correspond to the steps of the adult learning cycle.

David Kolb

These are the four phases in Adult Learning Cycle.

1. Experiencing (Concrete Experiences)

2. Processing (Reflective Observation)

3. Generalizing (Abstract Conceptualization)

4. Applying (Active Experimentation)

Using the experiences that the participants have had already or providing them with an experience that furthers learning.

Experiencing (Concrete Experiences)

Finding general trends and truths in the experiences that the participants have had already or forming reactions to new experiences into conclusions, new concepts and theories.

Generalizing (Abstract Conceptualization)

Modifying old behaviors or testing new behaviors and practicing them in everyday situations.

Applying (Active Experimentation)

These are the five steps in Experiential Learning Cycle.

1. Experiencing (Activity, Doing)

2. Publishing (Sharing reactions and observations)

3. Processing (Discussing patterns and dynamics)

4. Generalizing (Inferring principles about the “real world”)

5. Applying (Planning more effective behavior)

The steps in the experiential learning cycle cannot be abridged just because an individual prefers one particular approach to learning. If effective and lasting learning is to occur, the experiential learning cycle must be ___________.

completed

Experiential learning, a phrase used interchangeably with _________, underscores an oft-repeated saying that life is a continuing process of learning.

inductive method

This processing of experience can be seen in the steps in the inductive method which are:

1. setting the climate conducive to learning

2. determining the learning objective

3. doing

4. looking, observing

5. thinking, analyzing, reflecting

6. generalizing, looking for insights

7. acting

In planning for an experiential learning, we come up with a ______________.

Structured Learning Experience or SLE

The SLE has the following parts:

Step 1: Orientation

Step 2: Instructions

Step 3: Experiencing

PROCESSING

Step 4: Data Gathering, Data Analysis

Step 5: Synthesis and Generalizing

Step 6: Integration

Step 7: Closing

Modern learning theory stresses the ________ of giving to learners some degree of ownership of the content learned. As such, facilitators capitalize on the desire of the learners to incorporate their previous experiences into the learning process.

desirability

___________ has developed a duo-dimensional schematic diagram that considers the activity levels and content controls of both the learners and the facilitator/trainer.

 Dugan Laird

In the center of the duo-dimensional list of methods is the ____________, a property of all learning and training activities.

content

The learning activities, or specific methods such as lecture, structured discussion, traditional case method, and hot role plays are situated in the continuum in order of __________ involvement by the learners and the ___________ of control by the facilitator/trainer.

increasing, decrease

When the facilitator ___________ control of the content, that does not mean withdrawing control of the processes. In a case method, the learner gives all the cases and examples, but the facilitator leads the discussion.

withdraws

The control of the more participative methods tends to come from the _______ of the activity rather than from active participation by the trainer during the learning session. In these participative methods, the facilitator/trainer sets the structures, gives the instructions, observes and monitors, and stays available for questions.

design

___________ means experiential, supervised, in-depth learning experiences that are designed to offer students the opportunity to more fully explore career interests within one or more of the Career Clusters, Career education and Counseling.

Structured Learning Experience (SLE)

are designed as rigorous activities that are integrated into the curriculum and that provide students with opportunities to demonstrate and apply a high level of academic attainment; develop career goals; and develop personal/social goals.

Structured Learning Experience (SLE)

____________ and _________, these are two big words for us, facilitators.

Preparation, Practice

Tips in running a Structured Learning Experience (SLE).

1. Get people’s attention. Before giving any instructions, make sure you have the attention of those who should be listening.

2. Be clear and specific about what you want. Break the task down into step-by-step procedures.

3. If you’re unsure whether or not people have really understood you, have them repeat your message using their own words.

4. Demonstrate or illustrate whenever possible.

5. Only give a small number of instructions at any one time. People have trouble remembering large amounts of information. For more complex tasks, break-down the instructions to each part of the job.

6. Use direct and specific language. Say exactly what you mean. Don’t leave people guessing.

7. Don’t rush your instructions. Clear directions save time.

8. Avoid misunderstandings by asking the person how they’ll approach the issue or task and why. Have them repeat your instructions when you’re finished.

9. Don’t get sidetracked by excuses or disagreements. Restate your instructions one more time if necessary.

10. Check back during the initial stages. Give people room to do what you expect of them, but be available to help when needed.

• It is an adult learning theory.

• Focuses on discovery and control.

• Adults are to be motivated to learn about what will help them overcome their daily challenges.

• There will not be any learner resistance if participants are learning what they believed they needed.

• The instructor approaches training as a facilitator or guide instead of a dictator.

Andragogy

• self-directed learner

• larger amount of life experiences

• learning needs closely related to social roles

• problem-centered

• intrinsically motivated

Andragogy

• learner dependent on decision of teacher

• few life experiences

• learning needs are dictated by the teacher

• subject/content centered

• extrinsically motivated

Pedagogy

Clear perception of needs during the SLE:

1. Client

2. Sponsor

3. System

4. Change agent/Facilitator

____________ is a great deal of the exchanges and discussions among facilitators during and after a training program focus on how things are going, how the session went, how the participants are doing, or on any of innumerable other points regarding the conduct of the whole program.

Evaluation

In _________, responses can run an entire spectrum.

evaluation

The processes that will determine the value or the importance of the program to the participants, as well as to the organizers, are referred to as ___________________.

evaluation systems

To gain information is the main purpose of _________, not only about whether and to what extent the program is achieving its goals, but also about whether the goals are themselves worth achieving.

evaluation

Evaluation procedures are either ________ or __________ or a combination of both.

summative, formative

___________, also known as terminal evaluation, measures its object against an absolute norm, a definite standard of excellence.

Summative evaluation

A typical example of this type of evaluation would be a quiz in Math: the examinee's responses are measured against absolutely correct answers.

Summative evaluation

___________________, on the other hand, looks more to descriptive data. It measures observed outcomes against intended outcomes.

Formative evaluation

An example of a formative instrument is the behaviorally anchored rating scale developed by _________ (1966), which assesses a described behavior in terms, for instance, of the frequency of its occurrence.

Rensis Likert

The formative style of evaluation, also known as ______________, is more consistent with the inductive method, as well as with the philosophy of the group-centered leaders.

developmental evaluation

The preferred type of evaluation of the group-centered leader or facilitator is ___________ in approach.

developmental

The preferred style of instrument administration of the group-centered leader is ___________, a self-peer-direct reports-leader assessment. This is also known as the Multisource or 360-degree evaluation system.

cooperative evaluation

Judgment of the strengths & weaknesses of instruction in the developing stage.

Formative Evaluation

Measuring the extent to which the outcomes of a course are attained at the end of course.

Summative Evaluation

_____________ is the process of sharing our ideas, thoughts, and feelings with other people and having those ideas, thoughts, and feelings understood by the people we are talking with.

Communication

The process of communication involved in personal relationships, which may include friends, family, and a romantic partner.

Relational Communication

Verbal and nonverbal aspects of how messages are conveyed that provide information about the relationship between speaker and addressee(s)

Relational Communication

A subset of interpersonal communication — a field which focuses on the study of verbal and nonverbal communication in personal relationships.

Relational Communication

______________ is crucial to maintaining social bonds and interpersonal relationships.

Relational Communication

Examples of Verbal Communication

• Written communication

• Oral communication

• Visual communication

• Audio-visual communication

________________ is the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and the distance between two individuals.

Nonverbal communication

Examples of Non-Verbal Communication

• Facial expressions

• Gestures

• Movements

• Eye contact

• Nodding the head

• Physical appearance

I care about myself, I care about you

ASSERTIVE (I Win - You Win)

I don't care about myself, I don't care about you

PASSIVE - AGGRESSIVE (I Lose - You Lose)

I care about myself, I don't care about you

AGRESSIVE (I Win - You Lose)

I don't care about myself, I care about you

PASSIVE (I Lose - You Win)