AP Psychology 2.3-2.5

encoding

get info into brain

storage

retain info

retrieval

later get info back out of our brain

automatic processing

unconscious coding of random info (a girl walked pass u 3 times)

sensory memory

immediate, very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system (quick demos we did in class)

short term memory

briefly activated memory of a few items (digits of phone num when calling) that is later stored or forgotten

long term memory

the relatively permanent and limitless archive of the memory system; includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.

working memory

a stage where short term and long term memories combine

elaborative rehearsal

rehearsing info in ways that promote meaning

maintenance rehearsal

holding info in mind and working on it

central executive

a memory coordinate that coordinates the activities of the phonological loop and visuosketchpad

phonological loop

holds auditory info in STM (repeating a phone number before adding it into a contact list)

visuospatial sketchpad

remember info abt objects and where they are (where you parked ur car in HEB)

neurogenesis

formation of new neurons - when you sleep, exercise (nonstressful but stimulating environments)

long term potentiation

neurons that fire tgth, neurons can strengthen connections btwn each other, through repeating firings, related to LTM

explicit memory

facts we try to remember (episodic and semantic)

effortful processing

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

automatic processing

implicit memory

(i know how) unintentional memories; unconscious memory that influence behavior w/o deliberate recall

iconic memory

a fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuli

echoic memory

memory for auditory stimuli

mnemonics

memory aids, esp those techniques that use vivid imagery and organization

spacing effect

the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is acheived through massed study or practice

testing effect

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading info

shallow processing

simply repeat the fact to your self several times

deep processing

involves context and research

semantic memory

general knowledge

episodic memory

memories of specific events - personal experiences

hippocampus

a neural center located in the limbic system, helps process explicit memories of facts and events for storage

memory consolidation

the neural storage of a long term memory

flash bulb memory

clear memory of an emotionally significant moment

prospective memory

conscious recall (taking meds, locking door)

chunking

organizing/grouping items into familiar, mangeable units

primacy effect

tend to remember items at the beginning of the list

recency

remember items at the end of list

distributive practice

space out memorization, a small bit at a time and repeat