Midterm Review

my review for my midterm

characteristics of a consonant

place of articulation, manner of articulation, voicing

characteristics of a vowel

tongue height, tongue placement, tenseness, roundness

parameters of signed language

location, movement, handshape, orientation, non-manual markers

phonetic inventory

the sets of sounds that are produced as part of each language

phonotactic constraints

restrictions on possible combinations of sounds and what sounds can be used where in a word

assimilation

a sound becomes like a similar sound in different phonetic environments

lexical categories

classes of words that express grammatical meaning

morphological categories

features that words take on to change form

free morphemes

morphemes that convey their own meaning

bound morphemes

need another morpheme to actually be a perceived word

content morpheme

have a concrete meaning as a morpheme

function morpheme

morpheme that only gives additional grammatical info

affixation

inserting affixes to make a word

compounding

combining independent words to make new ones

reduplication

doubling a morpheme to make a new word

alternation

making a new word by changing a morpheme’s sound

analytic morphology

utterances are made up of sequences of free morphemes

synthetic morphology

morphemes are attached to other morphemes to make words

agglutinating

morphemes are joined loosely and can be separated

fusional

morphemes are difficult to separate from the stem

polysynthetic

complex words are formed by combining stems and affixes