AP Chemistry Exam Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for the AP Chemistry exam review.

VSEPR Theory

A theory used to predict the shapes of molecules based on the repulsion of electron pairs around a central atom.

Microwave Radiation

Causes molecules to rotate.

Infrared Radiation

Causes molecules to vibrate.

Ultraviolet and Visible Light

Causes electrons to be promoted to higher energy levels, ionize, or break covalent bonds.

Solubility Rule 1

Any ionic compound containing Na+, K+, or NH4+ ions will be soluble in water.

Solubility Rule 2

Any ionic compound containing the NO3- ion will be soluble in water.

Thermochemistry Equation

ΔH = Σ Hbonds broken – Σ Hbonds formed (LEFT SIDE – RIGHT SIDE)

Percent Error Equation

|(calculated answer - correct answer) / correct answer| * 100

Strong Acids

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, and HClO4

Strong Bases

Group 1 and 2 hydroxides

Dilution Equation

M1V1 = M2V2

Titration Equation

MAVA = MBVB

Half-Equivalence Point

The pH = pKa of a weak acid.

ΔH < 0

Exothermic Process

ΔH > 0

Endothermic Process

ΔG < 0

Thermodynamically Favored Process

ΔG > 0

Non-Thermodynamically Favored Process

RED CAT and AN OX

Reduction at the cathode, oxidation at the anode

OIL RIG

Oxidation is losing, reduction is gaining electrons

The CAT gets FAT

Metallic cathodes increase in mass

A/C

Electrons move through the wire from anode to cathode.

Salt Bridge

Anions flow through the salt bridge toward the anode, cations toward the cathode.