Lifespan Development, Psychology 212 - Martinson - Test 4 -, Chapters 17, 18,19 - edited

Ray's actual competence and performance in dealing with life's challenges indicates his ____________ age.

A) chronological

B) biological

C) functional

D) social

C

In developing nations with widespread poverty, malnutrition, disease, and armed conflict, average life expectancy hovers around ____ years.

A) 45

B) 55

C) 65

D) 75

B

Which of the following statements about centenarians is true?

A) The majority of centenarians are located in the United States.

B) Only about 10 to 15 percent of centenarians are able to lead active, autonomous lives.

C) Among centenarians, women outnumber men by five to one.

D) The past 30 years have seen a 65 percent decrease in centenarians in the industrialized world.

C

OF all hearing difficulties, the _____ has the greatest impact on life satisfaction.

A) inability to hear at high frequencies

B) inability to detect soft sounds

C) age-related decline in speech perception

D) age-related decline in responsiveness to startling noises

C

Researchers believe that odor perception _________ with age.

A) increases

B) wanes and becomes distorted

C) becomes more discriminating

does not change

B

Per day, older adults require _____ younger adults.

A) less sleep than

B) as much total sleep as

C) an hour or two more sleep than

D) several hours more sleep than

B

______ especially decline in height because of a loss of ______.

A) Men; lean body mass

B) Women, bone mineral content

C) Men; muscle and fat

D) Women; muscle and fat

B

Walt, age 75, says that he feels about 60 years old. Sixty is Walt's _____ age.

A) skeletal

B) functional

C) subjective

D) desired

C

In Momence, Illinois,

A) a high percentage of older people report feeling useless most or all of the time.

B) A status hierarchy makes the oldest man and his wife the town leaders.

C) Seniors hold positions of authority because of their length of residence and intimate knowledge of the community.

D) Children are sent to live in the homes of frail community members to provide care.

C) Seniors hold positions of authority because of their length of residence and intimate knowledge of the community.

How do men and women compare in their physical health after age 85?

A) Women have fewer health problems overall.

B) Men have more non-life threatening disabling conditions.

C) Women are better able to remain independent and engage in society.

D) Men are less likely to be impaired because only the sturdiest men have survived.

D

After cardiovascular disease and cancer, the most common killer among the aged is/are

A) strokes

B) respiratory diseases.

C) Alzheimer's Disease

D) Osteoporosis

B

Which of the following causes of disability and death is more prevalent among women than among men?

A) cancer

B) cardiovascular disease

C) emphysema

D) Alzheimer's disease

D

Type 2 diabetes affects _______ percent of Americans age 65 and older.

A) 5

B) 10

C) 20

D) 35

B

Which of the following statements about falls in late adulthood is true?

A) Declines in vision, hearing, and mobility increase the risk of falling.

B) Because of weakened bones, serious injury results about 40 percent of the time.

C) The risk of serious injury due to falling far outweighs the health benefits of activity.

D) Nearly all older adults who have fallen admit that they purposefully avoid activities because they are afraid of falling again.

A

_________ is the most common form of dementia.

A) Cerebrovascular dementia

B) Parkinson's disease

C) Alzheimer's disease

D) Subcortical dementia

C

Marion has just learned that her brain contains an abundance of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Marion's doctors are probably concerned that she might have

A) stroke

B) Parkinson's disease.

C) Huntington's disease

D) Alzheimer's disease.

D

Which of the following seems to reduce an individual's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease?

A) hormone therapy

B) a "Mediterranean diet"

C) folate supplements

D) anti-inflammatory drugs

B

Cerebrovascular dementia

A) is more common than Alzheimer's disease.

B) Results from a combination of genetic and environmental forces.

C) Affects more women than men.

D) Is more common in the United States than in Japan

B

Michael and Franklin moved into a homelike housing arrangement for senios who require more care than can be provided at home. They have moved into

A) a nursing home.

B) Assisted living.

C) An institution

D) Hospice care

B

Ethel is having difficulty recalling everyday experiences. Ethel is experiencing ______ memory loss.

A) remote

B) episodic

C) implicit

D) associative

C

At a recent family reunion, Philip's uncle recognized him as his brother's son, but could not recall his name. Philip's uncle exhibited a(n) ______ memory deficit.

A) associative

B) implicit

C) remote

D) prospective

A

Difficulties with prospective memory seen in the laboratory do not appear in real life because older adults often compensate for declines in working memory by

A) relying on external memory aids.

B) Resorting to strategies like rehearsal.

C) Using elaboration.

Focusing more on recognition than on recall

A

_______ problem-solving abilities show improvement as adults age.

A) Traditional

B) Health-related

C) Abstract

D) Linguistic

B

_________ refers to acceleration in deterioration of cognitive functioning prior to death.

A) Increased morbidity

B) Cognitive mortality

C) Life expectancy crossover

D) Terminal decline

D

Participation of older adults in continuing education programs

A) has increased substantially over the past few decades.

B) Has decreased slightly over the past decade.

C) Is expensive and physically taxing.

D) Reinforces negative stereotypes by challenging them beyond their capabilities.

A

B) Midlife generativity

_______ predicts ego integrity in late adulthood.

A) completion of college

B) midlife generativity

C) retirement

D) identity foreclosure in adolescence

A) Body transcendence

Neil, age 70, has learned to focus on his psychological strengths. He overcomes his physical limitations by emphasizing the compensating rewards of cognitive, emotional and social powers. According to Peck, Neil has attained

A) body transcendence

B) ego differentiation

C) ego transcendence

D) physiological denial

A) gerotranscendence

Erikson's widow, Joan Erikson, suggested an additional stage of psychosocial development called

A) gerotranscendence

B) disengagement

C) continuity

D) reminiscence

D) 80

The baby boomers are approaching late life with the conviction that their old age will not begin until

A) 65

B) 70

C) 75

D) 80

C) knowledge-based

Sharon often draws on the past for effective problem-solving strategies and for teaching younger people. Sharon uses ________ reminiscence.

A) self-focused

B) other focused

C) knowledge-based

D) childhood-based

D) 70

In recent national surveys, _____ percent of Americans age 65 and older said that religion is very important in their lives.

A) 40

B) 50

C) 60

D) 70

B) low-SES ethnic minority

Involvement in both organized and informal religious activities is especially high among ______ older people.

A) high-SES Caucasian

B) low-SES ethnic minority

C) British

D) Dutch

B) Her son's help brings about social contact

Although Ida is mostly self-reliant, she does not often resist her son's unnecessary help. Ida probably feels that

A) compliance is easier than resistance

B) her son's help brings about social contact

C) her son expects her to exhibit passive behaviors

D) she is not as capable as she really is

B) negative reactions to caregiving can result in persisting depression

Which of the following statements about psychological well-being in late adulthood is true?

A) the physical impairment depression relationship is weaker among higher-SES older adults

B) negative reactions to caregiving can result in persisting depression

C) the majority of adults over age 75 suffer from chronic depression

D) late-life depression tends to be less severe and of shorter duration that depression earlier in life

B) availability of social support

_______ increases the odds of living longer

A) receipt of financial support

B) availability of social support

C) acceptance of dependency

D) providing care to others

B) activity

According to ______ theory, social barriers to engagement, not the desires of aging adults, cause declining rates of interaction.

A) continuity

B) activity

C) socioemotional selectivity

D) disengagement

C) continuity

Mr. Ziets, a retired drama teacher, spends a lot of his time volunteering at a local community theater. He also enjoys weekend trips to see plays with his former colleagues. Mr. Zietz's activities are consistent with _____ theory.

A) disengagement

B) activity

C) continuity

D) socioemotional selectivity

A) older adults are less often targets of crime, especially violent crime, than other age groups

Which of the following statements about crime against older adults is true?

A) older adults are less often targets of crime, especially violent crime, than other age groups

B) in urban areas, purse snatching and pickpocketing are more often committed against younger adults than against seniors

D) the presence of Neighborhood Watch and other similar programs actually increases the incidence of crime against older adults

B) 4

Fewer than _____ percent of older adults in the United States relocate to other communities

A) 1

B) 4

C) 14

D) 24

D) of less generous-sponsored income and health benefits

Poverty among lone aging women is deeper in the United States than in other Western nations because

A) U.S. women live longer than women in other Western nations

B) Women in other Western nations start out wealthier

C) widowed women in the U.S. are more likely to live in federally subsidized residential units

D) of less generous government-sponsored income and health benefits

D) when marital dissatisfaction exists, it often takes a greater toll on women than on men

Which of the following statements about late-life marital discord is true?

A) older adults are less likely than younger adults to say that their partner makes too many demands

B) men tend to expend more energy trying to work on a troubled relationship

C) women often protect themselves from the energy drain of a troubling relationship by avoiding discussion

D) when marital dissatisfaction exists, it often takes a greater toll on women than on men

C) seldom express regret over leaving an unhappy marriage

Compared with younger adults, older adults who divorce

A) find it easier to separate their identity from that of their former spouse

B) suffer less from a sense of personal failure

C) seldom express regret over leaving an unhappy marriage

D) are less likely to spend their remaining years living alone

B) 5

About _______ percent of older Americans have remained unmarried and childless throughout their lives

A) 1

B) 5

C) 10

D) 15

B) sister; brothers

Both men and women describe closer bonds with _____ than with ______.

A) same-sex siblings; other sex siblings

B) sisters; brothers

C) other-sex siblings; same-sex siblings

D) brother; sisters

D) secondary

Mr. Dugan belongs to a senior lunch club. The other members of the club, while not intimates, are Mr. Dugan's ______ friends.

A) primary

B) group

C) joint

D) secondary

B) emotional support

Heather offers support to her father Bill, age 78. If Bill is like most Western older adults, Heather will most likely provide

A) assistance with daily living tasks

B) emotional support

C) financial support

D) help with transportation

C) emotional abuse

Christine treats her aging mother like a child, calls her names, and often threatens to move her into a nursing home. Christine is engaged in which of the following types of elder abuse?

A) physical neglect

B) physical abuse

C) emotional abuse

D) financial abuse

C) mentally or physically impaired

_______ elders are more vulnerable to maltreatment.

A) independent

B) divorced

C) mentally or physically impaired

D) widowed

C) In most Western nations, generous social security benefits sustain the standard of living of most workers after they retire.

Which of the following statements about retirement policies is true?

A) few U.S. retirees experience falling living standards due to generous social security benefits

B) In the United States, time devoted to child rearing is given some credit when figuring retirement benefits.

C) In most Western nations, generous social security benefits sustain the standard of living of most workers after they retire.

D) when compared with other Western nations, U.S. policies make retirement more feasible for the economically disadvantaged.

B) the processes older adults use to reach personally valued goals

Modern definitions of successful aging have shifted the focus toward

A) specific achievements and physical characteristics

B) the processes older adults use to reach personally valued goals

C) easily measurable outcomes, such as the absence of disabilities

D) cognitive performance and creative achievements

Modern definitions of successful aging have shifted the focus toward

A) specific achievements and physical characteristics.

B) The processes older adults use to reach personally valued goals.

C) Easily measurable outcomes, such as the absence of disabilities.

D) Cognitive performance and creative achievements.

B

People who are _______ are likely to have more severe death concerns.

A) in poor physical health

B) depressed

C) religious

D) childless

B

According to Kubler-Ross, most people who reach acceptance

A) avoid discussions with doctors and family members to escape from the prospect of death.

B) Realize the inevitability of death but attempt to bargain for extra time.

C) Do so only in the last weeks or days before death.

D) Become despondent and depressed in the last days before death.

C

Research confirms that in line with Kubler-Ross's observations,

A) dying people are more likely to display denial after learning of their condition.

B) All dying people display five responses to death.

C) A normal dying person follows through the five stages in sequence

D) Dying people react in predictable ways.

A

Bereavement is

A) the response to the loss of a loved one.

B) The experience of losing a loved one by death.

C) The culturally specified expression of thoughts and feelings after a death.

D) Intense physical and psychological distress.

B

When Mr. Wellenkamp's wife died, he responded with intense physical and psychological distress. He was experiencing

A) bereavement.

B) Grief.

C) Mourning.

D) Morbidity.

B

Following prolonged dying, survivors may

A) feel more overwhelmed immediately following the death.

B) Display more persistent anxiety due to long-term stressors.

C) Experience pronounced avoidance.

Feel unexplained anger toward the deceased.

B

Compared with survivors of other sudden deaths, people grieving a suicidal loss are more likely to

a) experience disenfranchised grief.

b) Conclude that they could have prevented the death.

c) Engage in anticipatory grieving.

d) Recover more quickly.

B

Marion was forbidden by his gay partner's family to attend his partner's funeral or burial service. Marion is at risk for

A) anticipatory grieving.

B) Disenfranchised grief.

C) Bereavement overload.

Unestablished bereavement.

B

Most bereaved individuals

A) do not participate in bereavement interventions.

B) Seek group counseling

C) Attend individual grief counseling.

D) Seek family therapy.

A