Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia

Flashcards covering the concepts of hypernatremia, hyponatremia, their causes, symptoms, and nursing interventions.

Hypernatremia

A condition characterized by excessive sodium in the blood.

Hyponatremia

A condition characterized by decreased sodium levels in the blood.

Normal Sodium level

The normal range for sodium levels in the blood, which is 135-145 mEq/L.

Osmosis

The movement of fluid from one compartment to another based on concentration gradients.

Cushing's Syndrome

A condition that can cause hypernatremia due to excessive cortisol production.

Dehydration

A condition resulting from loss of water in the body, can be caused by hypernatremia.

Signs & Symptoms of Hypernatremia

Altered mental status, headache, dry mouth, excessive thirst, fever.

Signs & Symptoms of Hyponatremia

Altered mental status, decreased urine output, lethargy, seizures.

Nursing Interventions for Hypernatremia

Daily weights, administer IV fluids (isotonic or hypertonic), increase sodium intake.

Nursing Interventions for Hyponatremia

Restrict fluid intake, hold diuretics, monitor sodium levels.