APWH 2

abbasid empire

the third Islamic caliphate, defined by its successor status to the umayyad caliphate, its capital at baghdad, and its significance as the center of the Islamic golden age

asiento

a trade agreement est in the 17th century, primarily between spain and other european powers, that granted the right to supply enslaved Africans to Spanish colonies in the americas

astrolabe

an ancient astronomical instrument used for determine latitude and the time by the position of celestial bodies like the sun and stars

khmer empire

a powerful SE Asian state known for immense wealth and expansive territorial rule from the 9-15th centuries; temple-building at Angkor, Hindu and Buddhist synthesis, irrigation, largest pre-industrial urban center in the world

mali

west African empire that controlled trans-saharan trade, rich off of gold and salt; ruled by Mansa musa

mamluk

a slave soldier, often of Turkic or Circassian origin, who was purchased, converted to Islam, and given elite training to serve in Muslim armies

mit’a system

a mandatory public service or labor tax system initially used by the Inca Empire, where males performed periodic work for the state in exchange for benefits

mongol empire

the largest contiguous land empire in history, created by the unification of nomadic tribes under Genghis Khan in 1206, that eventually stretched from China to eastern Europe

quipu

a recording device used by the Inca and other Andan cultures to keep records and communicate information using a system of knotted, colored strings

songhay

a powerful west African state in the 15th and 16th centuries, controlling the crucial trans-saharan trade routes for salt and gold; founded by Sunni Ali

srivijaya empire

dominant Indonesian maritime kingdom based in sumatra; controlled routes in strait of Malacca and facilitated trade between india and china; major center for spread and development of buddhism

swahili coast

the coastal region of east Africa that served as a thriving cultural and economic hub connecting the African interior to the Indian Ocean trade network

tenochititlan

the capital of the Aztec empire; well-planned metropolis that featured sophisticated agricultural techniques, served as the center of Aztec power, and was a major hub for trade, agriculture, and religious ceremonies

three field system

a medieval european method where the farmland was divided into three sections, allowing for crop rotation and a fallow field for replenishment

trans Saharan trade

connected sub-saharan Africa with North Africa and the Mediterranean world, facilitating the exchange of goods like salt and gold, idea, cultures (Islam), and technologies