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Total magnification =
Ocular × Objective
Ocular
eyepiece
Objective
lens closest to slide
Coarse
big/initial focus
Fine
sharpen focus
iris diaphragm
controls light
stage clips
hold slide
simple ET
1 layer
stratified ET
multiple layers
pseudostratified
looks layered but false
squamos
flat
cuboidal
cube
columnar
tall
identify simple squamous
look for 1 thin/flat layer - alveoli, capillaries
identify stratified squamos
look for many layers + flat cells at surface - epidermis
identify simple columnar
look for 1 layer + tall cells - digestive tract
identify simple cuboidal
look for 1 layer + cube cells - kidneys/glands
identify psuedostratified ciliated columnar
look for false layers + tall cells + cilia - respiratory passages
identify skeletal/striated
look for stripes - skeletal muscle
identify cardiac
look for stripes + branching - heart
identify smooth
no stripes - smooth muscle
identify spinal cord smear
look for neurons; know axon, dendrite, cell body
dendrite
receives signals
axon
sends signal away
cell body
large central part
neuron
cell that transmits electrochemical impulses
identify elastic
look for many elastic/springlike fibers
identify areolar (loose)
look for loose fibers + lots of open space
identify adipose (fat)
big empty-looking fat cells/bubbles
identify ground bone / compact bone
look for organized circular rings
identify cancellous / spongy bone
look for open spaces + sponge/web like structure
identify elastic cartilage
look for most elastic cartilage
identify hyaline cartilage
look for middle elasticity + smooth/glassy matrix
identify fibrocartilage
look for least elastic + thick fibers
identify human blood
look for erythrocytes + leukocytes + thrombocytes
identify bone marrow
look for many different developing cells
epidermis
look for outer/top skin layer
dermis
look for layer under epidermis
basement membrane
look for thin boundary between epidermis & dermis
sudoriferous gland
look for sweat gland; coiled structure
sebaceous gland
oil gland associated with hair
hair bulb
enlarged bottom of hair
hair follicle
look for tube/sheath surrounding hair
arrector pili / piloerector
small muscle attached to hair follicle