Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship p1

What are the key learning outcomes of the AMR lecture? (5 points)

1. Describe broad- and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials and their roles in AMR

2. Describe AMR and its implications for resistant profiles like MRSA, VRE, ESBL, CPE

3. Understand the One Health concept linking humans, animals, and the environment

4. Support public health AMR campaigns (e.g., Antibiotic Guardian, e-Bug)

5. Be aware of health inequalities related to AMR

What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR)? (3 points

1. It occurs when microorganisms evolve to survive antimicrobials

2. Results in harder or untreatable infections

3. Is a global health threa

What are key strategies to reduce AMR? (3 points)

1. Infection prevention and control practices

2. Good antimicrobial stewardship

3. Effective use of diagnostics

How do antibiotics work? (3 points)

1. Disrupt essential bacterial processes or structures

2. Can be bactericidal (kill bacteria) or bacteriostatic (stop growth)

3. Rely on the immune system to clear infections

hat are the main antibiotic targets in bacteria? (3 points)

1. Bacterial cell wall or membranes

2. Machinery that makes DNA and RNA

3. Protein synthesis machinery (ribosome)

Compare broad- and narrow-spectrum antibiotics. (2 points)

1. Broad-spectrum: act on a wide range of bacteria (e.g., amoxicillin, tetracycline)

2. Narrow-spectrum: target specific bacteria (e.g., penicillin G, clindamycin)

What situations warrant the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics? (4 points)

1. Empiric therapy (e.g., sepsis, meningitis)

2. Polymicrobial infections (e.g., intra-abdominal infections)

3. Surgical prophylaxis

4. Drug-resistant infections

What is the WHO AWaRe classification of antibiotics? (3 points)

1. Access: widely available first-/second-line antibiotics

2. Watch: higher resistance potential, use with caution

3. Reserve: last-resort drugs for multidrug-resistant infections

Name common resistant bacteria profiles. (4 points)

. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE)

3. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria

4. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)

What do MRSA, VRE, ESBL, and CPE have in common? (1 point)

1. All are resistant bacterial strains making treatment difficult

What is the One Health approach to AMR? (2 points)

1. AMR affects humans, animals, and the environment

2. Requires integrated, multi-sectoral intervention

What are major AMR public health campaigns? (5 points)

1. World Antimicrobial Resistance Awareness Week (WAAW)

2. European Antibiotic Awareness Day (EAAD)

3. Keep Antibiotics Working (KAW)

4. Antibiotic Guardian

5. E-bug educational platform

What health inequalities are linked to AMR? (3 points)

. Socio-economic inequalities

2. Ethnic disparities

3. Geographic inequalities