Chapter 12: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

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Flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 12 on Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves.

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17 Terms

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Spinal Nerves

Nerves that are part of the PNS transmitting action potentials to and from the spinal cord.

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CNS

Central Nervous System, which includes the spinal cord and brain and is responsible for integrative functions.

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PNS

Peripheral Nervous System, which encompasses the spinal nerves.

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Gray Matter

Region of the spinal cord containing neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.

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White Matter

Region of the spinal cord consisting of myelinated axons forming tracts.

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Dorsal Root Ganglion

Gathering of cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons forming the dorsal roots.

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Reflex Arc

Neural pathway controlling a reflex, consisting of a sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and effector organ.

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Monosynaptic Reflexes

Reflexes with no interneurons, directly involving sensory and motor neurons.

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Polysynaptic Reflexes

Reflexes that involve one or more interneurons between sensory and motor neurons.

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Stretch Reflex

Reflex that causes muscles to contract in response to a stretching force.

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Golgi Tendon Reflex

Reflex aimed at preventing muscle damage from excessive tension, causing relaxation of the muscle.

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Withdrawal Reflex

Reflex that removes a limb from a painful stimulus, involving reciprocal innervation.

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Cervical Enlargement

Part of the spinal cord that supplies nerves to the upper limbs.

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Lumbar Enlargement

Part of the spinal cord that supplies nerves to the lower limbs.

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Plexus

Network of intermingling nerves, such as the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses.

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Epineurium

Connective tissue surrounding the entire nerve.

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Perineurium

Connective tissue surrounding groups of axons to form fascicles.