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Flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 12 on Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves.
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Spinal Nerves
Nerves that are part of the PNS transmitting action potentials to and from the spinal cord.
CNS
Central Nervous System, which includes the spinal cord and brain and is responsible for integrative functions.
PNS
Peripheral Nervous System, which encompasses the spinal nerves.
Gray Matter
Region of the spinal cord containing neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons.
White Matter
Region of the spinal cord consisting of myelinated axons forming tracts.
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Gathering of cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons forming the dorsal roots.
Reflex Arc
Neural pathway controlling a reflex, consisting of a sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and effector organ.
Monosynaptic Reflexes
Reflexes with no interneurons, directly involving sensory and motor neurons.
Polysynaptic Reflexes
Reflexes that involve one or more interneurons between sensory and motor neurons.
Stretch Reflex
Reflex that causes muscles to contract in response to a stretching force.
Golgi Tendon Reflex
Reflex aimed at preventing muscle damage from excessive tension, causing relaxation of the muscle.
Withdrawal Reflex
Reflex that removes a limb from a painful stimulus, involving reciprocal innervation.
Cervical Enlargement
Part of the spinal cord that supplies nerves to the upper limbs.
Lumbar Enlargement
Part of the spinal cord that supplies nerves to the lower limbs.
Plexus
Network of intermingling nerves, such as the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses.
Epineurium
Connective tissue surrounding the entire nerve.
Perineurium
Connective tissue surrounding groups of axons to form fascicles.