DNA Rep. manual questions.

Two functions of DNA Polymerase III?

1. Catalyze new DNA nucleotides

2. Editing Growing Strands

Two common mistakes DNA polymerase can make?

Substitution and Frameshift mutations

What is Replicase? Which DNA polymerases are replicases?

Enzyme that synthesises complementary stand.

Polymerase III

When is DNA shifted from the polymerization domain to the exonuclease domain? (reading vs writing)

When mistakes are recognized

Frameshift mutations are rare, why?

DNA polymerase III removes mistakes by exonuclease activity. It gets proofread.

What is processivity?

How many nucleotides are added on daughter strands without polymerase falling off

What is Fidelity?

The accuracy of polymerase adding on base pairs/nucleotides.

RNA polymerase can make more mistakes that DNA polymerase, why?

RNA polymerase doesn’t have proofreading functions. (no exonuclease domain).

Clamp

Holds catalytic core on DNA template

Clamp Loader

5 proteins that opens/closes betta clamp, to attach to DNA strand

Direction DNA polymerase III synthesize new strands?

5’ to 3 ‘

Direction DNA polymerase III reads old strands?

3’ to 5’

Direction of exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase III

3’ to 5’

Which DNA polymerase has 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity?

DNA polymerase I

Enzymes that require ATP at replication fork

DNA helicase

DNA gyrase

DNA primase

DNA polymerase III

What part of the bacterial genome carries information that can transform a normal plant cell into a tumor cell?

T-Dna (cancer genes/opines)

Why is Agrobacterium unusual?

Causes tumors, but does not simply infect. Aids plant with various nutritional upgrades.

Clamp

Holds catalytic core on DNA template

Clamp Loader

5 Proteins that open/close beta Clamp, for DNA to attach

Palm

Provides catalytic active site

Fingers

Positions the template in active side

Thumb

Binds DNA as it exits (processivity)