Psychoactive Drugs

Psychoactive drugs

________ affect the CNS in various ways by influencing the release of neurotransmitters or mimicking their actions.

Morphine and codeine

The dried latex of Papaver Somniferum contains

Morphine

Is used for post-op pain and severe pain but is stopped as soon as possible

Beta-endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins

The endogenous opiates that morphine mimics in structure

morphine, oxycodone (Percocet), Vicodin (hydrocodone)

Legal drugs from the opium poppy

Anandamide

is a endocannabinoid

Cannabinoid Receptors

The specific receptors that THC binds in the the brain

Atropine

________ is used in ophthalmology to dilate pupils.

Hyoscine

________ (scopolamine) is used to reduce motion sickness and post- op nausea.

India

________ produces opium legally to meet world requirements.

Nightshade

________ is a perennial indigenous to Central and Southern Europe and Asia Minor.

Morphine

________ depresses parts of the brain involved in the perception of pain and reduces the anxiety that comes with the pain.

tobacco industry

The ________ lobbied heavily to reduce the impact of the wording and to delay the label in advertising.

Glandular hairs

________ (trichomes) produce resins.

Codeine

________ is known as methyl morphine and is the most commonly used opiate.

female inflorescences

Most resins are produced by the ________.

Cocaine

________ was first isolated in 1860 and its local anesthetic properties were discovered shortly after.

Ergots

________ are fungus-infected cereal grains.

Pure Nicotine

________ is one of the most toxic plant poisons.

Coca tree

The ________ is a part of the family Erythroxylacea.

Stimulants

enhance mental alertness, decrease fatigue, decrease hunger

Hallucinogens

produce changes in mood, perception, and thought

Depressants

dull mental awareness, decrease physical performance, often induce sleep

Narcotics

induces CNS depression and sleep

Poppy straw

the raw material for morphine production by the pharmaceutical industry

Golden Crescent

Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran

Golden Triangle

Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand

Morphine Side Effects

nausea, vomiting, and constipation

Heroin

the acetate derivative of morphine

Free-base

purifies the powder by boiling it in an ether solution to produce pure cocaine

Crack

a form of freebase prepared by heating a cocaine hydrochloride solution with baking soda

alkaloid

The Coca leaves contain 0.7- 2.5 % ________ by weight.

Afghanistan

________ is the largest illicit grower of opium, supplying 70 % of the worlds opium.

Marijuana

________ has multiple uses such as paper products, textiles, molded plastics, body care products, construction, livestock feed and bedding, nutritional supplements, essential oils, medicine, and food.

Tetrahydrocannabinol

________ (THC) was identified as the primary psychoactive and medicinal components.

latex

The ________ is dried and then can be eaten, smoked, or drunk.

Peru and Bolivia

________ are the only countries that can grow coca legally for the pharmaceutical market.

heroin, illegally produced fentanyl

Illegal drugs of the Opium Poppy

Nicotine

is the principal alkaloid in tobacco occurring throughout the plant

Atropine

a 1:1 mixture of the hyoscyamine enantiomers