Wk. 7 - Bipolar Disorder Flashcards

What are the key symptoms of a manic episode in Bipolar I disorder?

Elevated or irritable mood, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity, pressured speech, distractibility, risky behaviors, and severe impairment in functioning.

What are the key symptoms of a depressive episode in Bipolar I disorder?

Depressed mood, anhedonia, fatigue, weight changes, sleep disturbances (insomnia or hypersomnia), and suicidal thoughts.

What is the main difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorder?

Bipolar I includes full manic episodes, while Bipolar II involves hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes.

Which form of bipolar disorder is more associated with depressive episodes?

Bipolar II disorder.

Why is impulsive behavior in mania a safety concern?

It increases the risk of reckless spending, substance use, hypersexuality, and dangerous activities.

How does decreased sleep in mania affect patient safety?

Lack of sleep can lead to physical exhaustion, cognitive impairment, and increased risk-taking behavior.

What nursing interventions ensure safety for a manic patient?

Monitor for self-harm, provide a quiet and structured setting, set firm boundaries, and ensure adequate food and fluid intake.

What is the most commonly used mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder?

Lithium.

What lab values should be monitored when a patient is on lithium?

Lithium blood levels, sodium levels, and kidney function.

Why must sodium intake be monitored in patients taking lithium?

High sodium decreases lithium levels, while low sodium increases the risk of lithium toxicity.

What is a serious side effect of valproate (Depakote)?

Hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity).

What is a dangerous potential side effect of lamotrigine (Lamictal)?

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (a severe skin reaction).

Why are antipsychotics like olanzapine and risperidone used in bipolar disorder?

They help control acute manic symptoms by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors.

Why are benzodiazepines like lorazepam (Ativan) sometimes prescribed in acute mania?

They help with agitation and insomnia but are only used short-term due to dependency risks.

What are the nursing priorities during a manic episode?

Ensure safety, reduce stimuli, monitor medication adherence, provide nutrition, and maintain a structured routine.

Why is minimizing stimulation important for a manic patient?

Overstimulation can worsen manic symptoms and increase agitation.

How can therapy help in long-term bipolar disorder management?

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and family therapy can improve coping skills and prevent relapse.

What lifestyle modification can help prevent bipolar relapses?

Consistent sleep schedule, regular exercise, and stress management.

What should families be educated about regarding bipolar disorder?

Recognizing early warning signs, encouraging medication adherence, and providing emotional support.

Why should patients with bipolar disorder avoid excessive caffeine?

Caffeine can interfere with sleep and increase manic symptoms.