AQA SOICOLOGY BELIEFS IN SOCIETY (extra not bare min)

Bell

Civil religion in the US unites society through shared symbols and rituals.

Lenoir

Lower classes are more religious — religion comforts the oppressed.

Billings

Religion supported miners' class struggle, but not textile workers.

Kalberg

Supports Weber — Calvinism led to capitalism where conditions allowed.

Woodhead

Religion empowers women, especially in modern religious movements.

NAM

New Age beliefs attract middle-class women seeking identity.

Niebuhr

Sects are short-lived and tend to become denominations.

Helland

Religion online: either info-based or interactive (2 types).

Baudrillard

Religion is consumed like a media product.

Bauman

Religion gives comfort in an uncertain, fast-changing world.

Beckford

Globalisation spreads and weakens religion.

Bunting

People pick and mix beliefs — personal spirituality.

Heelas

Self-spirituality is part of New Age consumer culture.