Studied by 2 peopleWhat is known about the surface of the sun list all applicable facts.
At a certain point, gas of the sun gets too thin for convection to continue in radiation starts again.
Compare the volume of the sun to the Earth’s volume.
One sun can fit 1.3 million earths inside.
List the regions of the sun in order from the core outward:
Core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, transition zone, corona.
Core
The central region of earth, surrounded by the mantle. The central region of any planet or star
Nuclear fusion generates energy
Radiation zone
Photons from the core freely pass through ionized gas
Convection zone
Area where heated gas transports energy to the surface
Region of the suns interior, lying just below the surface, where the material of the sun is in constant convection mode
Photosphere
The surface where the visible radiation we see is emitted
Chromosphere
First layer cooler than the photosphere
only visible during eclipses
The sun is the lower atmosphere, lying just above the visible atmosphere
Transition zone
Area where temperature increases greatly
Corona
One of the numerous large, roughly circular regions on the surface of Venus, thought to have been caused by upwelling mantle material, causing the planets crust to bulge outward
Defined the solar constant
The amount of energy received at the top of earths atmosphere on a surface oriented perpendicular to the suns rays
Of the sunlight or energy from the sun how much will actually reach the Earth surface? What prevents the rest?
50-70% the rest is absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane.
By what mechanism does solar energy passed from one layer of the sun to the next
Convection
Explain hydrostatic equilibrium where the sun is concerned
The structure of the Sun is a matter of balance between the pressure outward and the force of gravity inward
What information do vibrations of the sun give us?
the interior structure of the Sun
Define granulation with concern to the sun
The grainy appearance of the solar surface caused by rising (hot) and falling (cool) material in convective cells just below the photosphere
Where does granulation take place in the sun?
Below the photosphere
What is the second most abundant element in the universe?
Helium
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Hydrogen
By what percentage is the most abundant in the universe?
75% hydrogen
How long is the sun cycle?
Lasts 22 years
What happens during the sun cycle and are there specific areas of the sun that are active or is it all over?
An 22-year cycle during which the number of sunspots rises to a maximum or falls to a minimum
What temperature must be the minimum for a star to be born?
10 million k
Where does the sun make its energy and how is it made?
the sun produces energy by the nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium in its core.
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