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10 Terms
1
Thales of Miletus
Considered the first philosopher; believed the universe was composed of physical substances governed by natural principles and proposed water as the fundamental substance.
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2
Anaximander
Rejected water as the physis; argued for a boundless, eternal substance and suggested an early concept of evolution.
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3
Heraclitus
Known for the idea of constant change; believed in the concept 'you cannot step in the same river twice' and saw fire as the fundamental element.
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4
Pythagoras
Believed numbers were the essence of reality; introduced the idea of two worlds: the abstract and the material.
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5
Empedocles
Proposed that everything was made up of four 'roots' influenced by love and strife; contributed to early theories of personality.
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6
Democritus
Developed the theory of atomism; suggested that all things, including the soul, are composed of indivisible atoms.
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7
Socrates
Focused on ethical learning and self-knowledge; argued that virtue comes from understanding the essence of things.
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8
Plato
Developed the Theory of Forms; proposed a tripartite soul and viewed knowledge as innate, influencing cognitive psychology.
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9
Aristotle
Emphasized empirical observation and classification; introduced a hierarchy of souls and formulated the Laws of Association.
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10
Hippocrates
Proposed that mental and physical health depended on the balance of four humors, influencing early theories of personality and mental illness.