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Recreation
use of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one’s body/mind
Synonymous with lifestyle and the development of a positive attitude—
Prerequisite: availability of time = leisure time
Re-creation of body & soul
does not necessary have to be physical activities
Precondition for recreation? = availability of time (leisure)
May or may not contain significant elements of amusement and diversion
doesn't need to be something enjoyed or entertaining
Leisure Definition
Before vs. Now
BEFORE
Leisure was a symbol of higher social status/class
Aristotle:
Available time & absence of necessity of being occupied
This very absence is what leads to a life of contemplation and true happiness
Yet only for an elite few who don’t have to provide for their own daily needs
Veblen:
A symbols of social class
MODERN LEISURE
Leisure or leisure time: time not spent at work
Applies to anyone and their time away from work
A form of activity engaged in by people in their free time
Not only for the privilege
Walker:
Time free from work
Discretionary time
Leisure, Recreation, and Entertainment
National Parks in the US & Government Involvement
Government-Sponsored Reaction:
Government raises special revenue from recreation-related activities (e.g., national parks)
National Parks Service in the US:
Founded in 1961 by Congress
Conserves park resources, preserves the environment for public and future generations
If left up to project firms, they would want to develop the land into something more profitable and tourist-y
Manages parks, heritage attractions, etc.
4 Main Revenue Sources for National/Government
Recreation fees = admission or parking fees
Filming & photography
Events (rental)
Individual donations
Commercial Recreation:
indoor/outdoor recreation activities provided on a fee-for-service basis
Focus on the generation of profit
e.g., theme parks, attractions, clubs, etc.
Clubs
Places where members gather for social, recreational, professional reasons. It is like second home with diverse facilities
e.g., golf clubs – there are approximately 14,000 private golf clubs in the U.S
Private Clubs:
Club management is very similar to hotel management; however, with clubs, the guests feel as if they are the owners.
Guests have stronger emotional attachment to the facility.
Usually, there are no sleeping accommodations — not lodging service
Club’s Main Revenue Sources:
Annual membership (+ initial fee)
Greatest revenue course due to fees being high due to exclusivity
Dining
Clothing —
member merchandise
Events
renting out space for events
Theme Parks
Theme parks serve as source of fantasy and escape from real life
The idea of Theme Park all began in the 1920s in Buena Park, with a small berry farm and tea room — Knotts Berry Farm
The Concept of Themes:
Theme parks attempt to create an atmosphere of another place and time
escapism and world-building
They usually emphasize one dominate theme
Themes can be historical, cultural, geographical, etc.
Some parks focus on a single theme while others focus on multiple themes
Direct Revenue Generating Methods:
The admission to the rides/attractions
Indirect Revenue Generating Methods:
Restaurants, retail, stores, games, etc.
Usually theme parks sell tickets based on the length of time - ticketing pricing strategies
Selling the time explicitly gives parks the control of service duration
The length could be by days, by weeks, or even by year
Examples
Sea World: single day with 2nd visit free pass
Walt Disney Theme Parks Orlando: different passes with length of 1 day to 10 days for one single park or all four parks
Annual passes
Tokyo Disneyland
Disneyland Paris