War of Independence

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18 Terms

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The Irish Volunteers started to believe

that the only way to win independence was to fight for it.

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In 1919, at Soloheadbeag in Tipperary

Volunteers killed two policemen when they were trying to steal guns.

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Other Volunteer units began to

attack police barracks in search of guns. This was the start of the War of Independence.

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Guerilla tactics

During the war Collins had a network of spies around the country. The information he received would be passed onto the IRA leaders.

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The leaders then

organised guerilla attacks like ambush, or hit and run tactics against British forces

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Collins also formed

an elite squad of 12 men, these men were used to assassinate British Spies.

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The Black and Tans were

ex-British soldiers who wore dark green and khaki colored uniforms. They burned houses and beat anyone suspected of having ties with the IRA.

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Auxilliaries

Former British Army officers who were more ruthless than the Black and tans.

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Kevin Barry

An eighteen year old volunteer, who was hung by the British for the part he played in an ambush.

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Cairo Gang

Collins ordered the assassination of eleven British spies.

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Bloody Sunday

On Sunday 21 November the Auxilliaries drove to Croke Park and randomly shot at the crowd . Twelve were killed.

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Government of Ireland Act

This divided Ireland into two parts, the unionist part has six counties while the Nationalist part had twenty-six counties. Both would have their own parliaments but were to remain under the union.

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Peace Talks

The IRA continued to wage war until 1921 when Lloyd George called a truce.

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Results of the peace talks

Dominion status, Treaty ports, and a boundary commission.

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Dominion Status

Ireland would be a dominion of the British Commonwealth

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Treaty Ports

The British Navy would occupy 3 of its ports.

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Boundary Commission

Three men would be appointed to decide where the boundary should be.

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Anglo-Irish Treaty

Collins and Griffith wanted to discuss these proposals with De Valera but Lloyd George put pressure on them to sign. When the Dail took a vote on it the result was in favour of the treaty. De Valera resigned as president.