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The Irish Volunteers started to believe
that the only way to win independence was to fight for it.
In 1919, at Soloheadbeag in Tipperary
Volunteers killed two policemen when they were trying to steal guns.
Other Volunteer units began to
attack police barracks in search of guns. This was the start of the War of Independence.
Guerilla tactics
During the war Collins had a network of spies around the country. The information he received would be passed onto the IRA leaders.
The leaders then
organised guerilla attacks like ambush, or hit and run tactics against British forces
Collins also formed
an elite squad of 12 men, these men were used to assassinate British Spies.
The Black and Tans were
ex-British soldiers who wore dark green and khaki colored uniforms. They burned houses and beat anyone suspected of having ties with the IRA.
Auxilliaries
Former British Army officers who were more ruthless than the Black and tans.
Kevin Barry
An eighteen year old volunteer, who was hung by the British for the part he played in an ambush.
Cairo Gang
Collins ordered the assassination of eleven British spies.
Bloody Sunday
On Sunday 21 November the Auxilliaries drove to Croke Park and randomly shot at the crowd . Twelve were killed.
Government of Ireland Act
This divided Ireland into two parts, the unionist part has six counties while the Nationalist part had twenty-six counties. Both would have their own parliaments but were to remain under the union.
Peace Talks
The IRA continued to wage war until 1921 when Lloyd George called a truce.
Results of the peace talks
Dominion status, Treaty ports, and a boundary commission.
Dominion Status
Ireland would be a dominion of the British Commonwealth
Treaty Ports
The British Navy would occupy 3 of its ports.
Boundary Commission
Three men would be appointed to decide where the boundary should be.
Anglo-Irish Treaty
Collins and Griffith wanted to discuss these proposals with De Valera but Lloyd George put pressure on them to sign. When the Dail took a vote on it the result was in favour of the treaty. De Valera resigned as president.