Forearm and Hand Muscles

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Last updated 10:05 PM on 7/21/26
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30 Terms

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Pronator Teres

Origin: Humeral head—common flexor tendon; Ulnar head—coronoid process.

Insertion: Middle of lateral side of radius.

Innervation: Median nerve.

Action: Pronation of forearm; humeral head flexes forearm.

<p>Origin: Humeral head—common flexor tendon; Ulnar head—coronoid process.</p><p>Insertion: Middle of lateral side of radius.</p><p>Innervation: Median nerve.</p><p>Action: Pronation of forearm; humeral head flexes forearm.</p>
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Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin: Common flexor tendon.

Insertion: Base of second metacarpal.

Innervation: Median nerve.

Action: Flexion and radial deviation of wrist.

<p>Origin: Common flexor tendon.</p><p>Insertion: Base of second metacarpal.</p><p>Innervation: Median nerve.</p><p>Action: Flexion and radial deviation of wrist.</p>
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Palmaris Longus

Origin: Common flexor tendon.

Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis.

Innervation: Median nerve.

Action: Flexion of wrist.

<p>Origin: Common flexor tendon.</p><p>Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis.</p><p>Innervation: Median nerve.</p><p>Action: Flexion of wrist.</p>
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: Humeral head—common flexor tendon; Ulnar head—posterior border of proximal ulna.

Insertion: Pisiform.

Innervation: Ulnar nerve.

Action: Flexion and ulnar deviation of wrist.

<p>Origin: Humeral head—common flexor tendon; Ulnar head—posterior border of proximal ulna.</p><p>Insertion: Pisiform.</p><p>Innervation: Ulnar nerve.</p><p>Action: Flexion and ulnar deviation of wrist.</p>
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin: Common flexor tendon, coronoid process of ulna, proximal anterior radius.

Insertion: Both sides of middle phalanges of the four fingers.

Innervation: Median nerve.

Action: Flexion of PIP, MP, and wrist joints.

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Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Origin: Proximal portion of medial and anterior ulna and interosseous membrane.

Insertion: Bases of distal phalanges of the four fingers.

Innervation: Medial half—ulnar nerve; lateral half—median nerve.

Action: Flexion of DIP, PIP, MP, and wrist joints.

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Flexor Pollicis Longus

Origin: Middle of anterior radius and interosseous membrane.

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb.

Innervation: Median nerve.

Action: Flexion of IP, MP, and CMC joints of thumb; wrist flexion.

<p>Origin: Middle of anterior radius and interosseous membrane.</p><p>Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb.</p><p>Innervation: Median nerve.</p><p>Action: Flexion of IP, MP, and CMC joints of thumb; wrist flexion.</p>
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Pronator Quadratus

Origin: Distal anterior surface of ulna.

Insertion: Distal anterolateral surface of radius.

Innervation: Median nerve.

Action: Pronation of forearm.

<p>Origin: Distal anterior surface of ulna.</p><p>Insertion: Distal anterolateral surface of radius.</p><p>Innervation: Median nerve.</p><p>Action: Pronation of forearm.</p>
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Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium.

Insertion: Radial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb.

Innervation: Median nerve (recurrent branch).

Action: Abduction of thumb.

<p>Origin: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium.</p><p>Insertion: Radial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb.</p><p>Innervation: Median nerve (recurrent branch).</p><p>Action: Abduction of thumb.</p>
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Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium.

Insertion: Radial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb.

Innervation: Median nerve (recurrent branch).

Action: Flexion of MP and CMC joints of thumb.

<p>Origin: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium.</p><p>Insertion: Radial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb.</p><p>Innervation: Median nerve (recurrent branch).</p><p>Action: Flexion of MP and CMC joints of thumb.</p>
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Opponens Pollicis

Origin: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium.

Insertion: Radial side of shaft of 1st metacarpal.

Innervation: Median nerve (recurrent branch).

Action: Opposition of thumb.

<p>Origin: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium.</p><p>Insertion: Radial side of shaft of 1st metacarpal.</p><p>Innervation: Median nerve (recurrent branch).</p><p>Action: Opposition of thumb.</p>
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Adductor Pollicis

Origin: Oblique head—base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals and capitate; Transverse head—shaft of 3rd metacarpal.

Insertion: Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb.

Innervation: Ulnar nerve.

Action: Adduction of thumb.

<p>Origin: Oblique head—base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals and capitate; Transverse head—shaft of 3rd metacarpal.</p><p>Insertion: Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb.</p><p>Innervation: Ulnar nerve.</p><p>Action: Adduction of thumb.</p>
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Abductor Digiti Minimi

Origin: Pisiform.

Insertion: Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger.

Innervation: Ulnar nerve.

Action: Abduction of little finger.

<p>Origin: Pisiform.</p><p>Insertion: Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger.</p><p>Innervation: Ulnar nerve.</p><p>Action: Abduction of little finger.</p>
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Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum.

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of little finger.

Innervation: Ulnar nerve.

Action: Flexion of MP joint of little finger.

<p>Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum.</p><p>Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of little finger.</p><p>Innervation: Ulnar nerve.</p><p>Action: Flexion of MP joint of little finger.</p>
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Opponens Digiti Minimi

Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum.

Insertion: Ulnar side of 5th metacarpal.

Innervation: Ulnar nerve.

Action: Opposition of little finger.

<p>Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum.</p><p>Insertion: Ulnar side of 5th metacarpal.</p><p>Innervation: Ulnar nerve.</p><p>Action: Opposition of little finger.</p>
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Lumbricals

Origin: Radial side of tendons of flexor digitorum profundus.

Insertion: Radial side extensor expansions.

Innervation: Lateral two—median nerve; medial two—ulnar nerve.

Action: Flexion of MP joints and extension of PIP and DIP joints of four fingers.

<p>Origin: Radial side of tendons of flexor digitorum profundus.</p><p>Insertion: Radial side extensor expansions.</p><p>Innervation: Lateral two—median nerve; medial two—ulnar nerve.</p><p>Action: Flexion of MP joints and extension of PIP and DIP joints of four fingers.</p>
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Palmar Interossei

Origin: Palmar surfaces of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5.

Insertion: Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4, and 5.

Innervation: Ulnar nerve.

Action: Adduction of index, ring, and little fingers; MP flexion; DIP and PIP extension.

<p>Origin: Palmar surfaces of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5.</p><p>Insertion: Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4, and 5.</p><p>Innervation: Ulnar nerve.</p><p>Action: Adduction of index, ring, and little fingers; MP flexion; DIP and PIP extension.</p>
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Dorsal Interossei

Origin: Adjacent sides of metacarpals.

Insertion: Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4.

Innervation: Ulnar nerve.

Action: Abduction of index, long, and ring fingers; MP flexion; DIP and PIP extension.

<p>Origin: Adjacent sides of metacarpals.</p><p>Insertion: Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4.</p><p>Innervation: Ulnar nerve.</p><p>Action: Abduction of index, long, and ring fingers; MP flexion; DIP and PIP extension.</p>
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Brachioradialis

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus.

Insertion: Lateral side of distal radius.

Innervation: Radial nerve.

Action: Flexion of forearm.

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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus.

Insertion: Base of second metacarpal.

Innervation: Radial nerve.

Action: Extension and radial deviation of wrist.

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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin: Common extensor tendon.

Insertion: Base of third metacarpal.

Innervation: Radial nerve.

Action: Extension of wrist.

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Extensor Digitorum

Origin: Common extensor tendon.

Insertion: Extensor expansions of four fingers.

Innervation: Radial nerve.

Action: Extension of DIP, PIP, MP, and wrist joints.

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Extensor Digiti Minimi

Origin: Common extensor tendon.

Insertion: Extensor expansion of little finger.

Innervation: Radial nerve.

Action: Extension of DIP, PIP, and MP joints of little finger.

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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin: Common extensor tendon and posterior border of ulna.

Insertion: Base of fifth metacarpal.

Innervation: Radial nerve.

Action: Extension and ulnar deviation of wrist.

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Supinator

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior surface of ulna.

Insertion: Lateral side of proximal radius.

Innervation: Radial nerve.

Action: Supination of forearm.

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Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin: Middle of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane.

Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal.

Innervation: Radial nerve.

Action: Abduction and extension of thumb at CMC joint.

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Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Origin: Middle of radius and interosseous membrane.

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb.

Innervation: Radial nerve.

Action: Extension of MP and CMC joints of thumb.

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Extensor Pollicis Longus

Origin: Middle of ulna and interosseous membrane.

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb.

Innervation: Radial nerve.

Action: Extension of IP and MP joints of thumb.

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Extensor Indicis

Origin: Distal ulna and interosseous membrane.

Insertion: Extensor expansion of index finger.

Innervation: Radial nerve.

Action: Extension of DIP, PIP, and MP joints of index finger.

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Palmaris Brevis

Origin - palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: skin of medial palm

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

Action: wrinkle skin on medial side of palm

<p>Origin - palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum</p><p>Insertion: skin of medial palm</p><p>Innervation: Ulnar nerve</p><p>Action: wrinkle skin on medial side of palm</p>