AP Gov Unit 3 Court Cases

Miranda v. Arizona

police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning; forced self-incrimination is illegal; 5th Amendment, 14th Amendment

Mapp v. Ohio

illegally obtained material cannot be used in a criminal trial; 4th Amendment (exclusionary rule)

Korematsu v. U.S.

the forced internment of Japanese American citizens was legal during WWII; the need to protect against espionage outweighed Korematsu's rights; 5th Amendment, Executive Order 9066

Wesberry v. Sanders

Georgia's apportionment scheme discriminated against voters in the 5th Congressional District (had a population 2-3 times larger than other districts); 14th Amendment, Article I, Section 2

Baker v. Carr

Supreme Court has jurisdiction over legislative apportionment; 14th Amendment

Yick Wo v. Hopkins

law's biased enforcement against Chinese citizens violated the Equal Protection Clause; 14th Amendment

Gideon v. Wainwright

defendants must be provided representation without charge; 5th Amendment, 6th Amendment, 14th Amendment

Youngstown v. Sawyer

the President does not have the authority to issue an order to seize the steel mills; Article II

Cooper v. Aaron

courts held that states were required to comply with desegregation established by the equal protection clause; 14th Amendment

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Supreme Court did not hear the case because the Court claimed it did not have original jurisdiction in the matter as this group was a dependent nation to the U.S.

Engel v. Vitale

government written prayers were not to be recited in public schools; violated the establishment clause; 1st Amendment, Establishment Clause

Lemon v. Kurtzman

making state financial aid to "church"-related educational institutions was illegal; violated the Establishment Clause; 1st Amendment

Schenck v. U.S.

during wartime, the U.S. government could limit free speech as a means to prevent a clear and present danger to the American people; 1st Amendment, limitations on freedom of speech

Gitlow v. New York

a paper encouraging people to overthrow the government was upheld as illegal under the criminal anarchy law as it posed a clear and present danger to the government; 1st Amendment, limitations on freedom of speech

New York Times v. U.S.

the Nixon Administration's attempt to prevent the NY Times' publication of the Pentagon Papers violated 1st Amendment freedoms; 1st Amendment, freedom of the press

Snyder v. Phelps

the Westboro Baptist Church had the right to free speech under the 1st Amendment; freedom of speech, freedom of assembly

Gratz v. Bollinger/Grutter v. Bollinger

the affirmative action policy at the University of Michigan's arts and science school (Gratz) was unconstitutional; the affirmative action policy at the University of Michigan's law school was constitutional (Grutter); Equal Protection Clause, 14th Amendment

Bush v. Gore

Florida could not recount the votes of the 2000 election on account that votes will not be devalued under the 14th Amendment; Equal Protection Clause

Marbury v. Madison

established the judicial branch's power of judicial review.

McCulloch v. Maryland

established that Congress had implied powers under the "necessary and proper"clause; established the power of the supremacy clause

Dred Scott v. Sanford

African Americans could not sue in court because they were not full American citizens; the federal government had no power to regulate slavery in the federal territories acquired after the creation of the U.S.

Plessy v. Ferguson

established the separate-but-equal doctrine; said that as long as the separate facilities were equal, then they were legal; 14th Amendment, Equal Protection Clause

Brown v. Board of Education

overturned Plessy v. Ferguson; separate-but-equal was inherently unequal; 14th Amendment, Equal Protection Clause

McDonald v. Chicago

2nd Amendment must be carried out in state and local laws

D.C. v. Heller

all individuals are given the right to bear arms for self-defense; 2nd Amendment

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

speech is similar to money; upheld the ban on direct contributions to candidates from corporations and unions; 1st Amendment

Reynolds v. Sims

Alabama law on apportionment requires that the legislative districts across states be equal in population; Equal Protection Clause, 14th Amendment

Ledbetter v. Goodyear

employers cannot be sued under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 over race or gender pay discrimination if the claims are based on decisions made by the employer 180 days ago or more; Civil Rights Act of 1964