Comprehensive Final Exam Study Guide

This set of flashcards encompasses key concepts, definitions, and facts from nursing practice standards, assessments, pain management, and vital signs, offering a comprehensive review for the final nursing exam.

What does 'Assessment' signify in the Nursing Process?

Assessment is ALWAYS the first step in the Nursing Process.

What is the difference between Subjective and Objective Data?

Subjective Data is what the patient reports, while Objective Data is what the nurse observes or measures.

What are Clinical Manifestations?

The outward expressions of a disease, including both signs (objective) and symptoms (subjective).

What are the five types of health assessments?

Comprehensive, Problem-based/Focused, Episodic/Follow-up, Shift, Screening Assessment.

What is Primary Prevention?

True prevention aimed at preventing a disease from ever occurring.

Define Secondary Prevention.

Early detection of a disease before symptoms occur, allowing for early treatment.

What does Tertiary Prevention focus on?

Management and rehabilitation of patients with permanent or chronic conditions.

What are the four steps in the Clinical Judgment Model?

Noticing, Interpreting, Responding, Reflecting.

What are the percussion tones used in nursing assessments?

Tympany, Resonance, Hyperresonance, Dullness, and Flatness, each indicating different conditions.

What is the normal range for adult respiratory rate?

12 to 20 breaths per minute.

How is pain classified in terms of thresholds and tolerances?

Pain Threshold is the point at which a stimulus is perceived as pain, while Pain Tolerance is how much pain someone can withstand.

What is the significance of the old CARTS mnemonic in pain assessment?

It helps nurses gather important details about a patient's pain: Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating/Alleviating factors, Related symptoms, Treatment, Severity.

What are common risk factors for lung cancer?

Tobacco smoking, radon gas exposure, environmental/workplace exposures, and radiation therapy.

What key factors constitute an abnormal heart sound?

Abnormal heart sounds occur due to too much fluid, stiff ventricles, or when valves do not close properly.

What are the distinguishing features of Osteoporosis, OA, and RA?

Osteoporosis involves bone density loss; OA involves wear and tear of joints; RA is an autoimmune/inflammatory condition affecting joints.

What does the Glasgow Coma Scale assess?

It assesses a patient's Level of Consciousness based on Eye opening, Verbal response, and Motor response.