Lipids, Fatty Acids, Fixed Oils, Volatile Oils, Tannins, and Resins Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about lipids, fatty acids, fixed oils, volatile oils, tannins, and resins.

Lipids

Structural and functional building blocks of living cells, made up of hydrocarbons with highly reduced carbon.

Lipids Structure

Polymers of fatty acids containing a long, non-polar hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic tail) and a small polar head (carboxyl group or oxygen, hydrophilic).

Fats

Oily, greasy, non-polar molecules that are energy-rich, insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.

Triglycerides

The main storage form of lipids in plants, found in oil seeds and the endosperm of some plants.

Functions of Lipids

Important sources of metabolic energy, structural components of cell membranes, and biological carriers for fat-soluble vitamins.

Fatty Acids

Water-insoluble, long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group on one end and a methyl group on the other.

Classification of Fatty Acids

Fatty acids classified by the number of carbon atoms and the presence or absence of double bonds.

Saturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids containing only single bonds, synthesized by the human body and not essential in the diet.

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids containing one or more double bonds, which must be obtained from external sources and are essential in the diet.

Rancidity

The addition of O2 on a double bond that gives peroxides, leading to bad-smelling aldehydes, ketones, and acids

Fixed Oil

If a substance is liquid at 15-16.5°C

Fat

If a substance is solid or semi-solid at 15-16.5°C

Drying Oil

Oils that harden to a tough, solid film after exposure to air, containing more than 50% polyunsaturated acids.

Waxes

esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols, unctuous, fusible, variably viscous solid substances with waxy luster characteristics

Volatile Oils

Odorous, volatile principle of plant and animal source

Condensed Tannins

Also called pro-anthocyanins, because they are decomposed to anthocyanins in heated ethanol solutions.

Resins

Complex amorphous product of more or less solid characteristics which on heating first sets softened and then melt.

Oleoresins

Naturally occurring mixtures of volatile oil and a resin.

Balsams

Resins in combination with benzoic or cinnamic acid either free or combined.

Colophony

Colophony is a residue left after distilling off the volatile oil obtained from the oleoresin obtained from Pinus palustris and other species of Pinus