ch 8 - female reproductive system

CF for cervix

cervic/o, trachel/o

CF for vagina

colp/o, vagin/o

cf for endometrium

endometri/o

CF for vulva

episi/o, vulv/o

cf for woman, female reproductive organs

gynec/o

cf for hymen

hymen/o

cf for uterus

hyster/o, metr/o

cf for breast

mamm/o, mast/o

cf for menstruation

men/o

cf for ovary

oophor/o

cf for pelvis, pelvic cavity

pelv/i

cf for perineum

perine/o

cf for the fallopian tube

salping/o

cf for muscles

my/o

endo-

within

peri-

surrounding(outer)

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-cleisis

surgical closure

-rrhagia

excessive bleeding

-rrhaphy

suturing, repairing

-salpinx

fallopian tube

endometriosis

endometrial tissue grows outside of uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity (ovaries, fall. tubes, intestines, and uterus)

menometrorrhagia

heavy and irregular bleeding from the uterus at menstruation (and btwn menstrual cycles)

metrorrhagia

excessive, irregular, out-of-cycle bleeding from the uterus

• aka intermenstrual bleeding

perimetritis

inflammation surrounding the uterus

abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)

irregular bleeding in the absence of pregnancy

examples of AUB (abnormal uterine bleeding)

menometrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia

adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

bartholin cyst

blockage of one of the glands on either side of the vagina; may become swollen and result in a bartholin abscess

cause of cervical cancer is linked to

HPV

CERVICAL CANCER

malignant tumor of the cervix which progresses from cervical dyspllasia to carcinoma

endometrial cancer is aka

uterine cancer

fibrocystic breast changes (FCC)

thickening of tissue (fibrosis), benign cysts, and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts

• caused by monthly hormonal changes

  • aka fibrocystic breasts

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflamm of some or all female pelvic organs

• if untreated, may spread upward from vagina and into uterus, fall. tubes, ovaries, and other pelvic organs

  • may result in infertiliy and , in acute cases, fatal septicemia

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

severe illness

• tampons!!!!

• caused by staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes

uterine fibroid

benign tumor of the uterine muscle

• aka myoma of the uterus or leiomyoma

uterovaginal prolapse

dropping of the uterus (and sometimes vagina) due to weakened pelvic muscles

vaginal fistula

abnormal passageway between the vagina and another organ, such as urinary bladder, colon, or rectum

colpocleisis

surgical closure of vagina

colpoperineorrhaphy

suturing of vagina and perineum to mend tears

episiorrhaphy

suturing of a tear in the vulva

hysterectomy

excision of the uterus

name for transferring pts muscle or fat for mammoplasty

flap reconstruction

tachelectomy

excision of cervix

• aka cervicectomy

total hysterectomy

entire uterus (+ cervix)

subtotal hysterectomy

upper part of uterus (cervix stays)

• aka supracerical hysterectomy

radical hysterectomy

entire uterus , upper portion of vagina, and surrounding tissues

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A&P repair)

surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele and rectocele

conization

surgical removal of cone-shaped area of cerix

• diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer

• types = LEEP, cryosurgery (cold knife), and laser

• aka cone biopsy

dilation and curettage (D&C)

surgical procedure to widen cerix and remove uterus contents using a curette

endometrial ablation

use laser, electrical, or thermal energy to destroy or remove endometrium

• treats abnormal uterine bleeding

myomectomy

excision of uterine fibroid while keeping uterus in tact

tubal ligation

surgical closure of fallopian tubes

uterine artery embolism (UAE)

placement of metal coils or small gelatin beads into uterine arteries to stop blood flow supplying uterine fibroids or to stop severe hemorrhage after childbirth ; performed by interventional radiologist

sentinal lymph node biopsy

injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph nodes to remove and examine nodes near cancer

• most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer

stereotactic breast biopsy

mammography + computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion

CA-125 test

blood test to monitor ovarian cancer treatment and detect reccurence post-treatment

CA125 is a protein found on surface of ovarian cancer cells and isi released into blood stream

Pap test

used to detect abnormal and cancerous cells in cervix , used for cervical cancer screening

co-testing

performing pap smear and hpv tests at same time

amenorrhea

absence of menstrual flow

dysmenorrhea

painful menstrual flow

leukorrhea

white discharge (from vag)

mastalgia

pain in breast

oligomenorrhea

infrequent menstrual flow

anovulation

failure of ovary to release an egg

dyspareunia

difficult or painful intercourse

fistula

abnormal passage between 2 organs or between an internal organ and body surface

oligoovulation

infrequent release of an egg

contraception

intention prevention of conception (birth control)

speculum

instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection

menarche

beginning of menstruation (onset of first period0

menopause

end of menstruation (48-53yo)

AUB

abnormal uterine bleeding

FCC

fibrocystic breast changes

PCOS

polycystic ovary syndrome

PID

pelvic inflammatory disease

PMS

premenstrual syndrome

TSS

toxic shock syndrome

HSG

hysterosalpingogram

SHG

sonohysterography

TVS

transvaginal sonography

A&P repair

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy

BC

birth control

D&C

dilation and curettage

HRT

hormone replacement therapy

IUD

intrauterine device

LAVH

laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy

LEEP

loop electrosurgical excision procedure

TAH/BSO

total abdominal hysterectomy / biolateral salpingo-oophorectomy

TLH

total laparoscopic hysterectomy

UAE

uterine artery embolization

VH

vaginal hysterectomy

GYN

gynecology

Cx

cervix