Cell Division Unit 6

Anaphase

Chromosomes seperate

Asexual Reproduction

One parent cell creates identical clones

Binary Fission

asexual reproduction by bacteria

Crossing Over

Chromosomes exchange a portion of their DNA; increases genetic variation

Cytokinesis

refers to the splitting of the cytoplasm at the end of Mitosis

Diploid

cells that have similar chromosomes that pair up the usual number of chromosomes for a species

Egg Cell

female gamete, created in the ovaries

Fertilization

process where sperm and egg fuse together

Gamete

special cells, called egg and sperm, that are involved in sexual reproduction

Haploid

having half the number of chromosomes

Interphase

longest phase of a cells life , DNA doubles and cell grows; not part of Mitosis

Meiosis

process that produce haploid gametes or sex cells

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle

Mitosis

nuclear cell division, results in 2 identical daughter cells

Nondisjunction

caused by crossing over; failure of chromosomes to separate
(ex: down syndrome)

Prophase

Chromosomes coil up and spindle fibers form

Sexual Reproduction

two parent cells fuse to form a new organism different that either parent organism

Somatic Cell

any body cell (diploid)

Sperm Cell

male gamete, created in the testes

S Phase

DNA replicates during this part of Interphase

Telophase

two new cells are formed with the same number of chromosomes

Tetrad

chromosomes lineup in a box shape during prophase I of Meiosis

Zygote

first cell formed after sperm and egg fuse