USI Chapters 2.1, 2.2 - Puritanism and Early Colonial America

England's Church

Anglican

English people who wanted to reform the Anglican Church

Puritans (Puritanism)

English people who wanted to separate completely from the Anglican Church

Separatists (Separatism)

Who invented Puritanism?

John Calvin

King that persecuted Puritans

King Charles I

What ship did the Separatists travel to America on?

Mayflower

When did the Separatists travel to America? (Year)

1620

Separatists were...

Pilgrims

Pilgrim definition

Person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons

Agreement for self-government in America

Mayflower Compact

When did John Winthrop arrive to Massachusetts AND give his 'city upon a hill' speech? (Year)

1630

John Winthrop was part of the first group of Puritans to arrive in North America. (True/False)

False

Massachusetts was the first colony where governors were...

Elected

Puritans exercised religious tolerance. (True/False)

False (4 Quakers were executed as a statement)

Puritan principles

Hard work, morality, diligence

Puritans believed _____ is never guaranteed

salvation

New England/Northern Colonies

Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island

John Winthrop and his group founded...

Massachusetts Bay Colony and Boston

'City upon a hill' meaning

Idea that Puritans are pioneers

What was John Winthrop's profession?

Lawyer

Who did the Puritans ally with in the Pequot War?

Narragansett and Mohegan tribes

When was the Pequot War? (Years)

1636-1637

What was the Treaty of Hartford?

Ended Pequot War, prohibited Pequots from returning to their lands or speaking their tribal language

Treaty of Hartford (Year)

1638

Why did the Native tribes go to war? (Pequot war)

Want to control European fur trade, revenge for lands taken by colonizers

Why did the colonists go to war? (Pequot war)

Pequot accused of murdering a colonist, so colonizers set fire to a Pequot village

The Pequot tribe was virtually erased after the Pequot war. (True/False)

True

How did colonists attempt to convert Natives?

Created praying towns

The Puritans claimed Pequot lands after the Pequot war. (True/False)

True

Metacom or King Philip's War

New England attacked by confederation of tribes

Metacom or King Philip's War (Year)

1675-1678

Tribes obtained guns from trading with colonists during Philip's War. (True/False)

True

Effects of Philip's War

12 colonist towns destroyed, 1k English die, 3k Natives die, no good trade relations between colonists and tribes

King Philip's death had an effect on the end of Philip's war. (True/False)

True (Philip's war basically ended after his death)

Wars between English and French colonists were rare in North America. (True/False)

False

Why did the English and French colonists attack each other?

Want to conquer North America

What is the Puritan dilemma?

Puritans are protestants, so they believe that each individual's relationship with God is most important, but Winthrop believes in conformity

What were the Salem Witch Trials?

If cattle or children died, suspect is a witch and must be prosecuted

How many 'witches' were executed during the Salem Witch Trials?

19

Why did the Salem Witch Trials end?

Governor's wife was accused

Two people persecuted for beliefs against Winthrop's conformity:

Anne Hutchinson & Roger Williams

Why was Hutchinson banned from MBC?

She held meetings in her home give her views on religion, differing from Winthrop's views, which angered him.

What town and colony did Roger Williams found?

Providence, Rhode Island

Rhode Island as an early colony

Radical Puritans and dissenters, refuge for immigrants of other religions (Irish protestants, Jews, French Huguenots, etc.)

Connecticut as an early colony

Conservative Puritans, good relations with Natives

How did Anglicanism begin?

Henry VIII wants heir to throne, can't with wife, wants to divorce, Catholicism won't let him, so separates from church and creates Anglicanism

Who were The Elect?

People chosen by God to go to heaven, only 'real' members (and thus leaders) of Puritan Church (everyone else is only partially in the Puritan Church)

The Separatists founded...

Plymouth, Massachusetts

The Puritans founded...

Boston and MBC (Massachusetts Bay Colony)

Where and how does Hutchinson die?

New York from Native raid

Bible Commonwealth definition

Religious officials make laws based on religion

What are Blue Laws?

Laws that prohibit certain activities considered immoral

What do Blue Laws have specific references to?

Bible passages

The Elect, white, male, property owners were the only people who could speak in town hall meetings. (True/False)

True

The Mayflower Compact led to self-government. Self-government is important because it later becomes...

A U.S. political ideal

The Protestant Reformation and Rhode Island lead to a diversity of religions, and thus religious tolerance. This tolerance is important because it later becomes...

A U.S. political ideal

The definition of The Elect later included...

Children of The Elect

Everyone who lived in Mass Bay had to pay for the establishment of the church. (True/False)

True

Initial # of Puritans

1000

Initial # of Pilgrims

100

Puritan characteristics

Middle class, better educated, wealthier than Pilgrims

Puritan characteristics

Less wealthy than Puritans, less educated

Puritans believed God intended inequality. (True/False)

True