IB Music HL: Classical Era Vocab

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40 Terms

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Words Without Definitions

  • multi-movement cycle

  • overture

  • symphony

  • theme / variations

  • divertimento

  • serenade

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Deceptive Cadence

  • Pretty much anything that ends on a VI or vi

  • Phrase ends on anything other than tonic or dominant

  • Pop music pop chord progression

    • I IV VI V

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Plagal Cadence

  • Sub-dominant to tonic

    • I-IV

  • Has to end on a four

  • “A-men” cadence

    • Often found in hymns

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Half Cadence

  • Should feel unfinished, feel like a question

    • Weak cadence and calls for more

    • Usually a half way point in a song

  • Start from any chord then end on a V chord

    • Can be an inversion

  • Only an occurrence in the West

  • Any phrase ending on a dominant (V, V7, vii)

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Imperfect Authentic

  • AKA IAC

  • Second strongest cadence

  • Still V to I

  • Not in root position

  • The highest-sounding pitch will not be the tonic

    • Can still be the same G and C hordes but the C is not the highest-sounding pitch

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Perfect Authentic

  • AKA: PAC

  • Root position V (five) (or seven) chord to root position I (one) chord

    • EX: In the key of C this would go from a G chord to a C chord

  • The highest voice has to be tonic

    • Has to be the name of the key we’re in

    • EX: In the key of C, the C has to be the highest-sounding pitch

  • Cannot be an inversion

  • The strongest cadence because it is tonic and in root

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Cadence

  • Clear end of a musical phrase

  • How we get back home

  • Sense of a musical phrase feeling complete

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classical era characteristics

  • 1750-1825

  • music is for an audience

  • composers are writing big and full compositions with full ensembles, orchestras, and accompaniment

  • music is still written for big events

  • songs are written for requiem (death)

  • new instrumentation EX:

    • bassoon

    • bass clarinet

  • incorporating order and structure to keep listeners brains engaged

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significant artists

  • Beethoven

  • Mozart

  • Schubert

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opéra comique

  • an opera on a lighthearted theme

  • typically in French

  • with spoken dialogue

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opera seria

  • usually classical or mythological themes

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opera buffa

  • a comic opera especially one with characters drawn from everyday life

  • usually in Italian

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ballad opera

  • a theatrical entertainment popular in early 18th-century England

  • taking the form of a satirical play interspersed with traditional or operatic songs

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development

  • the beginning of the development is announced by a horn call

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exposition

  • theme 1

  • based on the famous four-note motive in C minor

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cyclical form

  • a theme or musical idea from one movement returns in another one

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gruff

  • humorous trio in C major

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four-note rhythm

  • short-short-short-long

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symphony

  • vocal soloists and chorus join the orchestra

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scherzo

  • a quick paced dance

  • a variant of the minuet

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sonata

  • an instrumental work for one or two instruments

  • consisting of three or four contrasting movements

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first movement concerto form

  • based on the recurring theme of sonata-allegro form and the double exposition

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concerto

  • refers to a solo group and orchestra or a solo instrument and orchestra

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cadenza

  • a virtuosic solo passage in the manner of an improvisation that comes toward the end of a movement

  • emphasized by the fast-slow-fast pattern

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da capo

  • translates to from the beginning

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minuet-and-trio form

  • a type of A-B-A form

  • consisting of a minuet, trio, and then minuet

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coda

  • an extension of the closing idea

  • leads to the final cadence in the home key

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recapitulation

  • the beginning of the third section

  • restatement

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development

  • characterized by conflict and action

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bridge

  • transitional passage leading to a second theme in a contrasting key

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exposition

  • opening section of sonata form

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modulates

  • moves to another key

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sonata-allegro form / sonata form

  • a form which establishes a tonic key

  • modulates to another key

  • returns to the original key

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chamber music

  • small ensemble music

  • 2-10 players

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refrain

  • the main theme that repeats

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rondo

  • a lively movement

  • lighthearted feel

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enlightenment

  • classical Ideals were strong and were combined with philosophical and intellectual movement

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thematic development

  • varying a theme’s melodic outline, rhythm, or harmony

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motive / sequence

  • the smallest melodic or rhythmic unit

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absolute music

  • music with no text or story to hold it in place

  • the music is the story