GCSE Biology - Human digestive system (Topic 2: Organisation)

What are cells?

basic building blocks of all living organisms

What is a tissue?

group of cells with a similar structure and function

What are organs?

aggregations of tissues performing specific functions

What does the digestve system do?

to digest and absorb food

What do enzymes do?

convert food into small soluble molecules to be absorbed into the bloodstream

Where is amylase produced?

pancreas and salivary glands

Where is amylase used?

small intestine and salivary glands

Where is protease produced?

pancreas, small intestine, stomach

Where is protease used?

stomach and small intestine

Where is lipase produced?

pancreas and small intestine

Where is lipase used?

small intestine

Where is bile produced and stored? Where is it used?

liver, gall bladder, small intestine (in that order)

IT'S ALKALINE

function of amylase

to break down starch into simple sugars

function of protease

to break down protein into amino acids

function of lipase

to break down fats and oils -> fatty acids and glycerol

bile function (in relation to fats)

emulsify fats by breaking large fat globules into smaller droplets

so increases surface area

so increases rate of fat breakdown

bile function (in relation to acid)

it's alkaline so neutralises hydrochloric acid coming from stomach,

so creates optimal environment for enzymes to function

so increases rate of fat breakdown

stomach function (3)

- releases acid ph 2-3

- creates optimum environment for protease in the stomach

- acid can destroy pathogen

small intestine function

absobs products of digetion into blood for transport

Descibe peristalisis.

process of circular muscles contract to move lumps of food along through digestive tract (oesophagus + intestines)

pancreas function

produce 3 types of enzymes for digestion

What are the products of digestion used for?

to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

glucose used in respiration.

Describe tests for the four things.

still need to do this flashcard