Sampling methods

Sampiling

Is the process of selecting potential respondents to take part

If a samping frame (list of petential respondents) is available then the researcher can conduct a random (everyone has an equal chance of being picked, systematic (every Nth name) and a stratified (subdivided into categories)

These sampling methods are objective (free from researcher opinion) and if they are large enough samples, then they are representative (account for key differences, so researchers can generalise or apply results

Snowball samples are used on 'deviant or hard to reach groups, when no sampling frame is available, where one respondent puts the researcher in touch with ethers

Simple random

Everyone has an equal chance of being picked. All objective and need a sampling frame.

Stratified random

The sampling frame is subdivided into categories-the sample is drawn from these sub groups. This sampling method is representative as the sampling frame has been subdivided, it ensure all groups are represented.

Systematic random

Every nth name in the sampling frame is drawn

Quota

People are selected based on pre-specified characteristics, so the sample reflects the characteristics of the population

Snowball

Respondents are difficult to locate, deviante or hard to reach. Respondents provide information to help locate the potential respondents.

Bunsell used this on female bodybuilders, 'deviant' and hard to reach.

Volunteer

Participants choose to join the research. Opt to join by replying to adverts placed.

Opportunity sample

Opportunity sample means that the researcher selects anyone who is willing to participate, Opportunity sample does not have access to a sampling frame because of the sample produced.

Purposive samples

Sample is selected based on the purpose of the study the respondents needed

Sampling frame

Sampling frame is the list of potential respondents. A researcher can use a stratified systematic or random samples have access to a sampling frame (list of potential respondents)

Gatekeeper

the person who controls/allow access to a group (eg under 16 or those vulnerable [mental health])

Access

Gaining access to a sampling frame or a group to study