Enduring Issues for Global History Regents

Conflict

war, competition, armed struggle, resistance, invasions, threats to balance of power, power struggles, disputes over boundaries or location of boundaries, ethnic disputes, religious disputes, disputes between social classes, terrorism

Human Rights Violations

Injustice, discrimination, exclusion, unfair treatment, cruel treatment, persecution for beliefs, threats to cultural identity, enslavement, human trafficking, genocide

Scarcity

lack of food, lack of human resources, lack of natural resources, lack of housing/shelter, lack of clean water/water resources, lack of medical treatment, lack of arable land, lack of technology, lack of capital

Power

lack of access to power, unfair distribution of power, relationship of ruler to ruled, social class tensions, ability of the people to have a voice in government

Security

threats to property, terrorism, lack of safety, nuclear proliferation, biological weapons, role of technology in harming security, hacking, debate over formation of alliances/membership in an alliance, responsibilities of collective security

Population Growth

strain on resources, strain on housing, sanitation conditions/strain on sanitation systems, healthcare needs, ability to feed population, restrictions on population growth

Human Impact on the Environment

consequences of establishing political/physical boundaries, impact of boundaries on people, environmental degradation, deforestation, desertification, global warming, destruction of ozone layer, pollution, extinction of species/loss of species, loss of biodiversity, debate over monoculture, land-use disputes, erosion, diversion of rivers/water sources, draining of aquifers, impact of extraction of resources, use of alternative energy sources, impact of reducing energy use, consequences of building road systems/transportation systems, consequences of changing agricultural practices/techniques (use of pesticides, use of chemical fertilizers, hybrid seeds/genetically modifying seeds, crop rotation, irrigation, increasing acreage in production), impact of changes to the physical environment/landscape, impact of policies to adapt to potential flooding, impact of policies on sustainability, impact of over-mining, spread of disease

Impact of Environment on Humans

Impact of natural physical barriers, impact of access to rivers, impact of access to seas, impact of climate, impact of weather, impact of natural disasters, impact of flooding, impact of earthquake destruction

Tensions between Traditional Culture and Modernization

loss of cultural identity, loss of language, loss of traditional beliefs, traditional gender roles versus modern gender roles, disputes over gender roles, role of ethnic identity and power, ethnic tensions, debate over westernization as modernization, difficulty of maintaining traditions in a time of change

Impact of Trade

integration of new ideas, rejection of new ideas, economic sanctions, boycotts, embargoes, imposing/levying tariffs, loss of jobs, integration of new technology, impact of changes in production, balance of trade, impact on environment, ability to participate in global trade

Impact of Cultural Diffusion

loss of/threats to cultural identity, spread of disease, debate over change, challenge of imported technology, debate over value of accepting a new good, debate over value of accepting a new idea, unintended consequences of embracing new ideas, unintended consequences of embracing new philosophies

Impact of Technology

consequences of technology use for people, consequences of technology use for the environment, impact of technology on jobs/livelihoods, impact of technology on cultural traditions, impact of technology on land usage, impact of technology on settlement patterns

Impact of Industrialization

low wages, poor working conditions, unsafe

working conditions, use of child labor,

unequal wages for similar work, need for

regulations, need for regulations, need for reform, unionization, pollution, demand for infrastructure, impact on status of women, rise of socialism

Impact of Imperialism/Colonization/Empire Building/Decolonization

challenge of securing resources, challenge of maintaining control over territory, challenge of exerting power, maintaining cultural identity, maintaining ethnic identity, loss of cultural identity, loss of ethnic identity, loss of traditions, challenges to religious practices, ability to participate in/have a say in government, economic overextension, ability to get goods to market, market for goods

Impact of Migration

reaction to immigrants, reaction to migrants, reaction to outsiders/those who are different, challenge of integrating immigrants, reaction to efforts to integrate immigrants, reaction to refugees, acceptance of refugees, problems faced by refugees, disenfranchisement, strains on housing, impact on squatter settlements, strains on social welfare systems, availability of jobs

Impact of Globalization

rate of cultural change, unintended

consequences of cultural change, access to jobs/job opportunities, debate over sustainability, support for cultural convergence, displacement of industries/companies, displacement of jobs, impact on human capital, consequences of interdependence, debate over spread of technology, debate over reduction in barriers, importance of international workers

Equity Issues/ Lack of Access

lack of access to information, lack of access to education, lack of access to food, lack of access to shelter, lack of access to clean water

Impact of Cooperation (solving of mutual problems)

consequences of cooperation on

countries/on cultures/on traditions,

consequences of mitigation of

hunger/famine, consequences of involvement in maintaining peace or in multinational peacekeeping efforts, consequences of mediating disputes, consequences of membership in cooperative organization, benefits of working together to solve mutual problems