AP Euro Chapter 7-9

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of goods, foods, plants, animals, & disease between Americas and Europe.

Power in Europe moves from Mediterranean states to ----

Atlantic states

What was the slave trade

Europeans buy human beings from Africa.

What was the trade called that was between Africa, Europe, and America?

Triangle Trade.

Who created the Seed drill

Invention by Jethro Tull in 1701.

What was the Enclosure Movement

Nobles take over common land.

What revolution included the Seed drill and Enclosure Movement

Seed drill and Enclosure Movement both part of this period. Agricultural Revolution

What did an increase of food mean for farms?

fewer workers needed

what is the Putting-Out System

Merchants would act as go-between from farms to markets, when people got cotton, they would turn it into clothing in their homes.

Mercantilism

Buying resources from colonies and selling them finished products.

Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods.

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Mercantilism perfected by him working for French King Louis XIV.

Consumer culture

Overseas products led to development of a new type of culture in Europe.

Invisible hand of the market

1776 concept of Supply and Demand; supports free market and against Tariffs. Lassiez-Faire

Did the rate of illegitimate births increase or decrease after/during agricultural revolution

Increased dramatically.

Did Infant and child mortality rates increase or decrease after/during agricultural revolution

Decreased.

what was happening to Traditional communal values

Eroding due to cities.

Concentration of poor in the cities meant what?

Greater awareness of poverty and crime.

what did Women without money or jobs turn to?

Turned to prostitution.

Baroque art

Art and music promoting religious feeling, loved by kings, from 1600-1750.

Rococo art

Pastels showing scenes of noble leisure from 1700-1770.

Neoclassicism art

New art form emphasizing Enlightenment, political participation, and citizenship.

Consumer Revolution

Encouraged purchase of new goods for homes and created new venues for leisure activities.

Salons

Ideas discussed and spread through gatherings.

Madame Geoffrin

Ran the most famous salon in Paris from 1750-1777.

Diderot

Published the Encyclopedia from 1751-1766. He would ask those who were experts on specific subject to write about only their known subject

Voltaire

Wrote Candide in 1759.

Deism

Belief that God was a clockmaker, associated with empiricism, skepticism, rationalism, and human reason.

Jean-Jacque Rousseau

Wrote The Social Contract in 1762.

Natural rights

Concept discussed in The Social Contract, but excluded women.

Descartes

Promoted deductive reasoning.

John Locke

Wrote the 2nd Treatise of Government in 1689, believing people were good.

Consent of the governed

State power originated in this concept.

Habsburgs

Shifted empire eastward, focusing on Austria.

Prussia

Rose due to the power vacuum after the 30 Years War.

Commercial rivalries

Influenced diplomacy and caused wars.

Britain

Controlled India due to rivalries with Portuguese, Dutch, and French.

Dutch

Controlled the East Indies.

7-Years War

Rivalry between Britain and France culminating from 1756-1763.

Enlightened absolutism

Practiced by Joseph II of Austria, Catherine II of Russia, and Frederick II of Prussia.

Toleration

Stance of all Enlightened Despots regarding Christian minorities.

Partition of Poland

Occurred in 1772, 1793, and 1795 by Prussia, Russia, and Austria.

1st Industrial Revolution

Occurred from 1760-1840, first country was Britain.

Mechanization

Involved textile production, iron, and steel.

Transportation systems

Helped improve and expand during the 1st Industrial Revolution.

Private initiative

Funded industrialization in Britain mostly through capitalists and inventors.

Government support

Needed for France's more gradual pace of industrialization.

Landed elites

Dominated and contributed to the lagging industrialization in Eastern Europe.

Famine

Resulted from land shortages, debt, and persistence of primitive agricultural practices.

Who were the Enlightened Absolutists?

Catherine the Great of Russia

Frederick the Great of Prussia

Joseph II of Austria