Functional Groups

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Last updated 7:19 PM on 9/19/26
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23 Terms

1
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Alkene

Carbon Carbon double bond

Name ending: -ene

Ex. Ethene

<p>Carbon Carbon double bond</p><p>Name ending: -ene</p><p>Ex. Ethene</p>
2
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Alkyne

carbon carbon triple bond

Name ending: -yne

Ex: ethyne

<p>carbon carbon triple bond</p><p>Name ending: -yne</p><p>Ex: ethyne</p>
3
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Arene

Aromatic ring

6 carbon ring with alternating double bonds

Name ending: none

Ex: benzene

<p>Aromatic ring</p><p>6 carbon ring with alternating double bonds</p><p>Name ending: none</p><p>Ex: benzene</p>
4
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Halide

Carbon attached go a halogen (F,Cl,Br,I)

Name ending: none

Ex: chloromethane

<p>Carbon attached go a halogen (F,Cl,Br,I)</p><p>Name ending: none</p><p>Ex: chloromethane</p>
5
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Alcohol

-OH group attached to a carbon

Name ending: -ol

Ex: methanol

<p>-OH group attached to a carbon </p><p>Name ending: -ol</p><p>Ex: methanol</p>
6
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Ether

oxygen single bonded between two carbons

Name ending: -ether

Ex: Dimethyl ether

<p>oxygen single bonded between two carbons</p><p>Name ending: -ether</p><p>Ex: Dimethyl ether</p>
7
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Monophosphate

carbon bonded to a phosphate group

Name ending: phosphate

Ex: methyl phosphate

<p>carbon bonded to a phosphate group </p><p>Name ending: phosphate</p><p>Ex: methyl phosphate</p>
8
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Diphosphate

two linked phosphate groups attached to a carbon chain

Name ending: diphosphate

Ex: methyl diphosphate

<p>two linked phosphate groups attached to a carbon chain</p><p>Name ending: diphosphate</p><p>Ex: methyl diphosphate</p>
9
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Amine

nitrogen single bonded to carbon or hydrogen with no nearby c=o

Name ending: -amine

Ex: methylamine

<p>nitrogen single bonded to carbon or hydrogen with no nearby c=o</p><p>Name ending: -amine</p><p>Ex: methylamine</p>
10
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Imine

Schiff base

carbon nitrogen double bond

Name ending: none

Ex: acetone imine

<p>Schiff base</p><p>carbon nitrogen double bond</p><p>Name ending: none</p><p>Ex: acetone imine</p>
11
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Nitrile

carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen

Name ending: -nitrile

Ex: ethanenitrile

<p>carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen</p><p>Name ending: -nitrile</p><p>Ex: ethanenitrile</p>
12
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Thiol

sulfur analog of an alcohol, -SH group attached to a carbon

Name ending: -thiol

Ex: methanethiol

<p>sulfur analog of an alcohol, -SH group attached to a carbon</p><p>Name ending: -thiol</p><p>Ex: methanethiol</p>
13
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Sulfide

sulfur atom single bonded between two carbons

Name ending: sulfide

Ex: dimethyl sulfide

<p>sulfur atom single bonded between two carbons</p><p>Name ending: sulfide</p><p>Ex: dimethyl sulfide</p>
14
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Sulfoxide

sulfur bonded to an oxygen w positive and negative charge and single bonded to 2 carbons

Name ending: sulfoxide

Ex: dimethyl sulfoxide

<p>sulfur bonded to an oxygen w positive and negative charge and single bonded to 2 carbons</p><p>Name ending: sulfoxide</p><p>Ex: dimethyl sulfoxide</p>
15
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Disulfide

2 sulfur atoms bonded together sandwiched betwen carbons

Name ending: disulfide

Ex: Dimethyl disulfide

<p>2 sulfur atoms bonded together sandwiched betwen carbons</p><p>Name ending: disulfide</p><p>Ex: Dimethyl disulfide</p>
16
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Aldehyde

C=O attached to at least one H

Name ending: -al

Ex: ethanal

<p>C=O attached to at least one H</p><p>Name ending: -al</p><p>Ex: ethanal</p>
17
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Ketone

C=O sandwiched between two carbon atoms

Name ending: -one

Ex: propanone

<p>C=O sandwiched between two carbon atoms</p><p>Name ending: -one</p><p>Ex: propanone</p>
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Carboxylic acid

C=O directly attached to an -OH group

Name ending: -oic acid

Ex: ethanoic acid

<p>C=O directly attached to an -OH group </p><p>Name ending: -oic acid</p><p>Ex: ethanoic acid</p>
19
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Ester

C=O directly attached to an -O-C group

Name ending: -oate

Ex: methyl ethanoate

<p>C=O directly attached to an -O-C group</p><p>Name ending: -oate</p><p>Ex: methyl ethanoate</p>
20
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Thioester

carbonyl group (C=O) attached to sulfur atom

Name ending: -thioate

Ex: methyl ethanethioate

<p>carbonyl group (C=O) attached to sulfur atom</p><p>Name ending: -thioate</p><p>Ex: methyl ethanethioate</p>
21
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Amide

C=O is directly attached to a nitrogen atom

Name ending: -amide

Ex: ethanamide

<p>C=O is directly attached to a nitrogen atom</p><p>Name ending: -amide</p><p>Ex: ethanamide</p>
22
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Acid chloride

C=O directly attached to a chlorine atom

Name ending: -oyl chloride

Ex: Ethanoyl chloride

<p>C=O directly attached to a chlorine atom</p><p>Name ending: -oyl chloride</p><p>Ex: Ethanoyl chloride</p>
23
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Carboxylic acid anhydride

2 carbonyl groups joined by central oxygen atom

Name ending: -oic anhydride

Ex: ethanoic anhydride

<p>2 carbonyl groups joined by central oxygen atom </p><p>Name ending: -oic anhydride</p><p>Ex: ethanoic anhydride</p>