Teas science of life

What is the correct order of the biological hierarchy from simplest to most complex?

Chemicals → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems → Organism

What are the four major macromolecules?

Large chemical molecules essential to life

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

What are nucleic acids?

Long molecules made of nucleotides; include DNA and RNA

Why is the cell considered the fundamental unit of life?

All life functions occur within cells

What is a tissue?

A group of cells with similar structure and function

What are the four basic tissue types?

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

What is an organ?

A structure made of different tissues working together to perform a specific function

What is an organ system?

A group of organs that work together to perform major body functions

What are the three basic parts of a cell?

Nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

What is an organelle?

A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function

What is the function of the plasma (cell) membrane?

Maintains the cell’s environment through selective permeability

What is selective permeability?

Allows some substances to pass while blocking others

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Suspends organelles and transfers materials needed for cell processes

What is the function of the nucleus?

Stores genetic information and controls cell activity

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Assembles RNA and proteins into ribosomes

What is the mitochondrion known as?

The powerhouse of the cell and produces ATP

What is the function of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis

Where are ribosomes found?

Free in cytoplasm or attached to rough ER

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Synthesizes and processes proteins

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Processes, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids

What is the function of lysosomes?

Digestion and recycling of old cell parts; destroys bacteria and viruses

What is the function of vacuoles?

Storage of water, toxins, and carbohydrates

What is mitosis?

Cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells

Cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells