MEMBRANES ENDOSOMES AND LYSOSOMES

ENDO MEANS?

INSIDE

LYSO MEAN?

TO BREAK AKA “LYSIS”

lysosomes contain

enzymes that break things

there are both

early and late endosomes

endosomes can be

stable

transiental

a stable endosome mean?

structure does not change into anything

transient endosome means

it becomes something

both stable and transient endosomes are apart of

endocytic pathways (moving macromolecules within the cell)

early endosomes

sort proteins and recycle proteins

late endosomes

(will become lysosomes)

**final product of late endosomes*

lysosomes

rich in hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion

lysosomes are most active in

leukocytes and phagocytes

hydrolytic is what?

uses water to break down molecules

leukocytes

white blood cells

lysosomes have…

unique membrane that is resistant to its own enzymes since the membrane is making some outside

(if it were to digest its own it would break)

lysosomes in lysosomal storage disease is

tay sacs disease

tay sac disease

there is a great accumulation lipids because the enzymes are not able to break them because they are defective.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

• has basophilic bodies (takes basic dyes & attracted to acid molecules)

the RER basophilic bodies are called

ribosomes

rer is composed of

• flattened sacs

• continuous (attached to outer membrane of nuclear envelope)

rer function

protein synthesis and transportation to golgi complex

smoother er is

• not rough

• no ribosomes

• tubular

• form piplines

smooth er is mostly developed in

• skeletal muscel

• kidney tubules

• steroid producing endocrine cells

when smooth er is homgenized it will break into

• microsomes (smooth vesicles)

• rough vesicles

smoother er has various functions

• synthesis of different lipids

  • oils

  • phospholipids

  • steroids

• detoxification and bioactivation (from inactive to active) of organic compounds

• carbohydrate metabolism

• membrane formation and recycling

• sequesters and releases calcium in muscles

golgi appartus or complex function?

• concentration site

• modification

• packaging and shipping if synthesized products

mitochondria

• finger like organelles

• powerhouse of the cell

• double membraned

• from cristae

• has a HUGE amount of cells that generate ATP

what are the 3 main reaction cycles dealing with mitochondria

1. krebs cycle (reduced power in the cell)

2. B-oxidation of fatty acids

3. Electron transport chain

what reaction cycles are in the matrix of the mitochondria

• krebs

• b-oxidation of fatty acids

where is the electron transport chain located

in the membranes

mitocondria is

semiautonomous

• this is due to it self duplicating and having its own DNA & Ribosomes

Peroxisomes

• has single membrane with oxidative enzymes

  • peroxide reactions happen

what are the names of the oxidative enzymes in peroxisomes

1. urate oxidase

2. b-amino oxidase

3. catalase

(all 3 make peroxide)

nonfunctional peroxisomes cause

Zellweger syndrome

• they simply dont work (early death is the outcome)