SCIENCE CHAPTER 1 TEST

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matter that makes up the nonliving parts of an ecosystem, such as air, water, and rocks

Abiotic Matter

: a closed ecosystem made by humans

Biodome

matter that makes up the living and dead organisms in an ecosystem

biotic matter

a type of atom (a tiny piece) that makes up molecules such as carbon dioxide and energy storage molecules

carbon

the part of the cell where photosynthesis happens

chloroplast

an organism that needs to eat in order to get ESMs (such as starch and fat)

consumer

 an organism that gets energy storage molecules (such as glucose) by breaking down dead matter

decomposer

the part of the cell where cellular respiration happens

mitochondrion

 the process by which plants and other producers use energy from sunlight to change carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose (an energy storage molecule)

Photosynthesis

an organism that can make its own energy storage molecules (such as glucose)

producer

Explain the difference between abiotic and biotic matter, giving at least 2 examples of each.

Biotic matter is any matter in an ecosystem that either is currently living or was living at one point. Examples include grass, trees, animals, and fallen leaves. Abiotic matter is any matter in an ecosystem that has never been alive. Examples include air, water, sand, and rocks.

What important molecule do all energy storage molecules contain?

CARBON

1. What do organisms need to survive?

2. Where does that come from?

1. Energy

2. Energy Storage Molecules

Who can make energy storage molecules

producers

1. Where do producers take carbon from during photosynthesis?

2. Where do producers put that carbon?

1. Abiotic matter

2. Biotic matter

Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell?

chloroplasts

What is the equation for photosynthesis? Use word form (ex: write “oxygen” instead of O2). Label each side of the arrow as inputs and outputs.

_____ + ____________ + ___/_____(_____) → ______ + _______

water + carbon dioxide + ATP/energy (sunlight) → glucose + oxygen

What is the purpose of the biodome built by the Econauts?

They want to find out whether humans could build domes like this on the Moon, Mars, or other planets, creating livable spaces and food sources out in space.

What is the main challenge of creating a self-sustaining ecosystem?

Ecosystems are complicated, and it’s not so easy to create one that can survive in a sealed glass dome.

Describe the Econauts.

The members of Econauts are not astronauts or scientists, just space fans who hope to live in space someday. Group members have varied backgrounds, including careers in business, advertising, gardening, medicine, and goat farming.

What was the job of the groundskeeper in the Biodome?

Maintain biodome buildings and grounds. Rake up dead leaves, place them in sealed garbage bags, and bury them at least 6 feet underground.

List matter that contains carbon.

Both biotic and abiotic matter including diamonds, steel, plastic, plants, and

animals.

1. What are the other two important atoms that make up biotic matter along with carbon?

Nitrogen and Oxygen

1. Where is carbon found in a standard yellow number 2 pencil?

The graphite tip of the pencil contains carbon.

1. Carbon is an essential atom for?

life on earth

1. What type of organism can make energy storage molecules?

Producers

1. Energy storage molecules are made mostly of what atom?

Carbon

1. List 3 of each abiotic and biotic factors.

Biotic Factors: plants, animals, fungi, bacteria 

Abiotic Factors: Air, Water, Rock, Sunlight, soil

1. What is the difference between consumers and secondary consumers?

secondary consumers—they eat animals—are able to get energy storage molecules from eating the primary consumers that ate the plants (producers).

1. What are the two PRODUCTS of photosynthesis?

Glucose and Oxygen

1. Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells, but do they have their own DNA?

Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells, but they still have their own DNA, which

is different from the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.

1. Where does photosynthesis take place in plants and algae?

Chloroplasts are extremely important organelles for plants and algae, because the chloroplasts are where photosynthesis takes place.

1. What kind of matter is carbon dioxide?

2. What kind of matter are energy storage molecules?

1. Abiotic matter

2. Biotic matter

What do producers use, to make energy storage molecules, during photosynthesis?

Carbon from carbon dioxide, and energy from sunlight

If one part of a system changes, is the whole system affected?

Yes!

1. When there is more carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) in abiotic matter, _____ carbon is available to producers for making energy storage molecules. (1.6)

More

1. When there is less carbon (in the form of carbon dioxide) in abiotic matter, _____ carbon is available to producers for making energy storage  molecules. (1.6)

Less

1. When there is more sunlight, producers can make ____ energy storage molecules from the carbon in carbon dioxide (1.6)

More

1. When there is less sunlight, producers _________ energy storage molecules from the carbon in carbon dioxide. (1.6)

Cannot make as many

1. Explain why decreasing sunlight decreases the amount of energy storage molecules that a plant can make.

Since sunlight is an input of photosynthesis, if there is more available of an input, more products will be created. Since ESMs are a product of photosynthesis, there will be more created because more photosynthesis is happening.

Part of ecosystem	Contains energy storage molecules? (yes or no)	Energy storage molecules flowing in? (yes or no)	Energy storage molecules flowing out? (yes or no)
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
Dead matter
Abiotic matter

Part of ecosystem	Contains energy storage molecules? (yes or no)	Energy storage molecules flowing in? (yes or no)	Energy storage molecules flowing out? (yes or no)
Producers	yes	no	yes
Consumers	yes	yes	yes
Decomposers	yes	yes	yes
Dead matter	yes	yes	yes
Abiotic matter	no	no	no