ALTERNITIVE SUMMERY

BEHAVIOURIST: Classical conditioning explains the __ of phobias

Acquisition

BEHAVIOURIST: Operant conditioning explains the __ of phobias

Maintenance

BEHAVIOURIST: Classical conditioning- Occurs when an emotional or behavioural response becomes associated with a __ __

Neutral stimulus

BEHAVIOURIST: Operant conditioning- Once a phobias has been learned it is maintained through __ __

Positive reinforcement

BEH TREATMENT: Systematic desensitisation- Creates a ‘__ _ __’, systematic stages from worst at the top to least

Hierarchy of fears

BEH TREATMENT: Systematic desensitisation- Gradually exposed to the stimuli, learn __ __ in order to make a new association with the stimuli

Relaxation strategies

BEH TREATMENT: Systematic desensitisation-Strengths:

Individual differences, actual cause

BEH TREATMENT: Systematic desensitisation-Weaknesses:

Psychological harm, symptoms

COGNITIVE: Cognitive distortions- irrational, __ thoughts

-Overgeneralisations

-Filtering

-Catastrophisation

-Dichotomous reasoning

Maladaptive

COGNITIVE: Schemas- Negative schemas are negative __ _ __

Patterns of thoughts

COGNITIVE: Too many cog distortions eventually cause becks cog triad. Negative thoughts on __, __, __

World, future, self

COG TREATMENT: CBT- Once a week for _-_ sessions

5-20

COG TREATMENT: CBT- Identifies irrational thoughts and provides __

Rationalisations

COG TREATMENT: CBT-Patients need to stop __ (thoughts that make patients feels like they have to do something they don’t)

Mustabating

COG TREATMENT: CBT- Strengths

holistic, actual cause

COG TREATMENT: CBT- Weaknesses

Psychological harm, long time and expensive

PSYCHODYNAMIC: Repressed anger- Ego uses __ __ to reduce anxiety caused by unconscious conflict

Defence mechanisms

PSYCHODYNAMIC: Repressed anger- __ __ causes individuals to feel angry at parents

Childhood loss

PSYCHODYNAMIC: Schizophregenic mothers- emotional intense, cause an overly critical __

Superego

PSYCH TREATMENT: Psychoanalysis- referred to as the ‘__ __’

Talking cure

PSYCH TREATMENT: Psychoanalysis- Parents lie on couch not facing the therapist, exploring early childhood feeling of __ or __

Loss, rejection

PSYCH TREATMENT: Psychoanalysis- Allows patient to uncover how the unconsciously feel about their parents in order to __ __ away from self

Redirect anger

PSYCH TREATMENT: Psychoanalysis- Once anger is released, patients experience __- letting out built up emotions

Catharsis

PSYCH TREATMENT: Psychoanalysis-Strengths:

Holistic, actual cause

PSYCH TREATMENT: Psychoanalysis-Weaknesses:

Limited evidence of effectiveness, long time and expensive

HISTORICAL- Early views:

Supernatural demonic possession, imbalance of humours

HISTORICAL- Early views treatment:

Blood letting. Forced vomiting

HISTORICAL- 19th century view:

Loss of reason

HISTORICAL- 19th century treatment:

Electro convulsive therapy, sensory deprivation

HISTORICAL- 20th century views:

Chemical imbalance, unresolved trauma and conflict

HISTORICAL- 20th century: Unresolved trauma treatment

Talking cure

HISTORICAL- 20th century: Chemical imbalance treatment

Chlorpromazine

__: More than two standard deviations from the mean

Statistical infrequency

__: violate majority of societies rules

Deviation from social norms

__: inability to cope with everyday demands

Failure to function adequately

Statistical infrequency strength:

Objective measures

Statistical infrequency weaknes:

Fit into society but mentally ill

Deviation from social norms strength:

Acknowledges abnormality depends on culture, age, situation

Deviation from social norms weakness:

Powerful groups make own definition of abnormal

Failure to function adequately strength:

People eccentric but normal

Failure to function adequately weakness:

Ignore eccentricity

DEP EXP: __- less blood flow frontal lobes = less activation = poor thoughts on future = worthless guilt/suicide

Brain abnormality

DEP EXP: __- Inherit hSERT gene two short allele = less serotonin when exposed to stressors = low mood

Genetic

DEP EXP: __- Too much Monoamine oxidase = not enough monoamines reach receptors = low dopamine

Biochemical