clinical: liver, GB, pancreas

which doppler parameter is most commonly used when evaluating the common hepatic artery in a patient with a liver transplant?

resistive index (RI)

Casoni skin test

• a test performed by injecting a small amount of sterilized hydatid cells under the skin

• if the area becomes raised and red within 20 min, the test is positive for hydatid infection

the administration of aspirin to a child with chicken pox can lead to what deadly disorder that affects the liver and brain?

Reye syndrome

Reye syndrome

causes excessive fat accumulation in the liver and an acute increase in cranial pressure

a low albumin/globulin ratio usually indicates:

cirrhosis

what lab value increases with gallbladder cancer, cholecystitis or prolonged biliary obstruction?

prothrombin time

carcinoembryonic antigen

• a type of tumor marker used to monitor cancer

• used to monitor pancreatic, colorectal, GI tract, lung cancer and more

• non-specific marker related to the type of cancer

sulfur colloid imaging

• a nuclear medicine exam used to detect FNH

• in most pts, the FNH mass will absorb the sulfur colloid at the same rate as the normal liver tissue which helps to differentiate it from malignancy

what liver mass is associated with glycogen storage disease?

adenoma

which liver function level is the most sensitive indicator for alcoholism?

gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP)

polycythemia vera

• the overproduction of RBCs that causes hypercoagulability of blood

• causes: splenomegaly, splenic infarcts, renal vein thrombosis, portal vein thrombosis, and Budd-Chiari syndrome

AST levels being elevated more than ALT (higher ratios) is seen in:

liver damage and necrosis of tissue with alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis and liver metastasis

ALT levels being elevated more than AST levels (lower ratios) is seen in:

• acute hepatitis

• nonmalignant hepatic obstruction

when AST levels are elevated with normal ALT levels, causes include:

• myocardial infarction

• CHF

• muscle injury

• CNS disease

• other non-hepatic disorders

when ALT levels are elevated with normal AST levels, it is typically seen in:

biliary obstruction

dark urine and pale stool are indications of:

hyperbilirubinemia

what is the most important structure to evaluate with a new liver transplant?

hepatic artery

ALT levels are used to evaluate:

the level of jaundice and monitor the progression of hepatitis and cirrhosis

elevated GGTP and ALP indicates:

biliary obstruction

elevated GGTP and ALT indicates:

hepatocellular disease

contraindications for a liver transplant pt with hepatocellular carcinoma include:

• a primary tumor > 5 cm

• more than 3 primary tumors

• metastatic disease

alcoholic cirrhosis demonstrates a severe increase in what lab value?

AST

viral hepatitis demonstrates a severe increase in what lab value?

ALT