abeka biology 10 section 5.3 (pt. 1 of pages 71-74)

reading quiz tmr

ferns

nonflowering vascular plants with spore­-bearing leaves and horizontal underground stems

spores

fill in the blank

ferns reproduce by __________

spores

tiny, one-celled reproductive structures that can grow into distinct or independent organisms under the proper conditions

seeds

reproductive struc­tures of more than one cell

tree ferns

in tropical regions that grow as tall as 25 m (80 ft) and have leaves 2.7–4 m (9–13 ft) long

fronds

large leaves that grow upward by unrolling from fiddleheads

fiddleheads

what fronds unroll from

sori

brownish dots that ferns produce

sporangia

groups of minute spore cases

rhizomes

the fern’s underground stems

asexual

no union of sex cells

sexual

union of sex cells

alternation of generations

life cycle, found in ferns, mosses, and some other plants, that involves both asexual and sexual reproduction in alternating generations

sporophyte

the stage that you see and think of as a fern; asexual stage that produces spores

gametophyte

much smaller and is the sexual stage that produces gametes (reproductive cells)

prothallus

tiny, green, heart-shaped; beginning of the gametophyte generation

1. antheridium

2. archegonium

two answer fill in the blank

prothal­lus produces special reproductive organs: the male ______________ and the female ______________

club mosses

creeping vascular plants with erect stems that bear spores in club­-shaped, cone-like structures

ground pine

what club mosses are also called because they grow along the ground in temperate regions and superficially resemble minia­ture pines

lycopodium

typical club moss, with horizontal stems that trail along the ground or grow just below the surface

strobili

large, club-like sporangia growing at the tip of the plant

horsetails

vascular plants with unique hollow, jointed stems and very small leaves present only at the joints

silica

makes the plant, horsetail, feel very rough to the touch

scouring rushes

what are horsetails often called?