Socials Midterm Combined

What event triggered the start of World War I in 1914?

The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand by the Black Hand.

What was the Blank Cheque in relation to World War I?

Germany offered unconditional support to Austria-Hungary if they went to war.

What were the demands of the Ultimatum from Austria-Hungary to Serbia?

Serbia was asked to hand over terrorists and allow internal investigations violating their constitution.

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A strategy developed by Germany to avoid a two-front war by defeating France before Russia was mobilized.

What was the significance of the Battle of Ypres in April 1915?

It was the first time poison gas was used in warfare by the Germans.

Why did Canada automatically enter World War I in 1914?

Because it was a dominion of Britain.

Who was Sir Sam Hughes?

The Minister of Militia and Defense of Canada who raised regional battalions.

What was the function of the Ross Rifle in the Canadian military during WWI?

It was adopted for its accuracy but caused issues because it jammed when dirty.

What was the outcome of the Battle of the Somme?

It was a disastrous attack with approximately 60,000 British casualties on the first day.

What does 'no man's land' refer to in trench warfare?

The dangerous area between opposing trenches where soldiers were exposed to enemy fire.

What does the term 'going over the top' mean in the context of trench warfare?

It referred to soldiers leaving their trenches to attack the enemy in no man's land.

What was the goal of the Creeping Barrage tactic?

To move artillery fire ahead of advancing troops to suppress enemy defenses.

Who was Lieutenant-General Arthur Currie?

A Canadian commander in charge of Canada’s first division and later a leader in the Canadian Corps.

What year did the Battle of Vimy Ridge occur?

In 1917.

What was the consequence of the Russian Revolution during WWI?

Russia exited the war, leaving Germany to fight a one-sided war.

What were the conditions like during the Battle of Passchendaele?

Men fought in thigh-high sludge with toxic mud making movement difficult.

What was the focus of the Spring Offensive by Germany in 1918?

A last German push as U.S. forces were arriving.

What role did Canadian nationalism play during World War I?

It allowed Canada to keep its divisions together and increase recruitment.

What were the main motives for the major powers to enter World War I?

Various factors including survival, economic needs, and loyalty to alliances.

Describe the contribution of the Canadian Corps in 1917.

They faced constant losses, necessitating ongoing recruitment and promotion based on merit.

What was the primary result of the Treaty of Versailles?

It was the peace document signed at the end of World War I.

What significant change occurred in Canada during the Conscription Crisis of 1917?

Conscription became mandatory as voluntary enlistments declined.

Who was Douglas Haig?

The head of the British forces during World War I, overseeing tactics like Passchendaele.

What was the impact of the Battle of Vimy Ridge for Canadian identity?

It served as a moment of national unity and pride for Canadians.

What were the characteristics of trench warfare in World War I?

Stalemates, difficult conditions, and complex networks of trenches.

What was one of the tactical advantages of the Creeping Barrage?

It forced the enemy to remain mobile and not set up defenses.

How did the Schlieffen Plan affect Belgium?

Belgium was invaded by Germany to facilitate the rapid attack on France.

Why was the use of poison gas significant?

It was a new and horrifying tactic that changed the nature of warfare.

What did the term 'flanking maneuver' refer to?

An attack designed to go around the enemy to cut off supplies and enact surprise.

What was one reason for the high casualty rates in the Battle of the Somme?

The heavy reliance on artillery that failed to adequately prepare the battlefield.

What distinguished Canadian soldiers during World War I?

Their unique divisions, shared identity, and ability to maintain nationalism in recruitment.

Who were the casualties in the Newfoundland Regiment during the Battle of the Somme?

90% of the regiment suffered casualties.

What innovation did Lord Byng promote in the Canadian military?

Meritocracy over patronage for promotions and positions.

What was the impact of the Canadian Corps fighting together?

It improved morale and solidarity, facilitating effective replacements.

What condition did artists and historians associate with the mud of Passchendaele?

It became symbolic of the war’s futility and the cost paid by soldiers.

What specific military role did General Julian Byng hold during the war?

He was in charge of the Canadian corps.

What was a significant factor in the Canadian military decision-making process?

Trust in leadership and operational effectiveness.

Why did the Allies face challenges at Ypres?

Due to the lack of preparedness and the impact of poison gas.

Which nation experienced a revolution that affected World War I?

Russia.

Why did many English Canadians support conscription while French Canadians opposed it?

Ethnic and cultural differences influenced their perspectives on military service.

What characterized the Canadian leadership transition to Arthur Currie?

He was promoted based on merit and had the respect of the troops.

What were the negative consequences of the Battle of Passchendaele?

Heavy loss of life with no strategic advantages gained.

What are the causes of World War I?

Nationalism, the Alliance System, Imperialism, and Military Power.

What is the catalyst for World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand is often considered the catalyst that triggered the war.

What do 'domino events' refer to in the context of WWI?

Domino events describe how one event can trigger a series of reactions leading to broader conflict.

What was the significance of poison gas in World War I?

It was a new form of warfare that caused panic, suffering, and high casualties.

What characterized trench warfare during World War I?

Stalemates, difficult living conditions, and the use of extensive trench networks.

What was the Creeping Barrage tactic?

Artillery fire moved ahead of advancing infantry to suppress enemy defenses.

What role did the Vickers Machine Gun play during WWI?

It was a key defensive weapon that contributed to high casualty rates.

Who was Sir Sam Hughes?

The Minister of Militia and Defense of Canada who raised regional battalions.

What was General Julian Byng known for?

He was in charge of the Canadian Corps during major battles like Vimy Ridge.

Who was Lieutenant-General Arthur Currie?

A Canadian commander recognized for his leadership and tactical innovations.

What was the 'Race for the Coast'?

It refers to the strategic competition for territory and resources among nations.

What is Alsace-Lorraine's significance in World War I?

A region with historical disputes that fueled nationalism and tensions between France and Germany.

What was the Canadian Division's role in World War I?

The Canadian Division fought as a unified force with a distinct national identity.

What are the cons of Patronage in military leadership?

Patronage can lead to inefficiency and favoritism, undermining military effectiveness.

What are the pros of Meritocracy in military leadership?

Meritocracy promotes promotion based on ability, leading to more competent leadership.

What was the significance of the Battle of Ypres?

It marked the first large-scale use of poison gas in warfare.

What was the outcome of the Battle of the Somme?

It resulted in over 1 million casualties and little strategic gain.

What was significant about the Battle of Vimy Ridge?

It is seen as a defining moment of Canadian national identity and unity.

What does Passchendaele symbolize in World War I?

It symbolizes the futility and loss of life with minimal gains.

What was the Fall of 1917 characterized by in WWI?

It included significant battles and a shift in military strategies.

What was the Spring Offensive of 1918?

A last major German offensive aimed to secure victory before full American troop deployment.

What were the Last 100 Days of WWI?

A series of successful Allied offensives that ultimately led to the end of the war.

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

The peace treaty that officially ended World War I, imposing heavy reparations on Germany.

What does being a dominion mean for Canada during WWI?

It meant Canada was a semi-autonomous nation within the British Empire, automatically involved in conflicts.

What was the significance of gathering 25,000 men for Canada?

It showcased Canada's commitment and ability to muster significant military resources.

How did casualty rates compare in Canada during WWI?

Canada suffered one of the highest casualty rates proportional to its population.

What was the significance of the invitation to the Treaty of Versailles for Canada?

It marked Canada's emerging status as an independent nation with a voice in international diplomacy.

What is Imperialism?

Imperialism is the policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

What is Industrialization?

Industrialization is the process by which an economy transforms from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods.

What is Militarism?

Militarism is the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively.

What are Alliances?

Alliances are formal agreements or treaties between two or more nations to cooperate for specific purposes, often military.

What is Nationalism?

Nationalism is a political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often in the context of self-determination.

What is Pan-Slavism?

Pan-Slavism is a political and cultural movement aimed at unifying all Slavic peoples, often in response to outside pressures or domination.

What is an Arms Race?

An arms race is a competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons.

What is the Triple Entente?

The Triple Entente was the alliance of France, Russia, and Great Britain before World War I.

What is the Blank Cheque?

The Blank Cheque was Germany's promise of unconditional support to Austria-Hungary if they pursued a war against Serbia.

What is an Ultimatum?

An ultimatum is a final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which may lead to consequences, often war.

What is a Battle of Attrition?

A battle strategy where the goal is to wear down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel and material.

What is Conscription?

Conscription is the mandatory enlistment of individuals into the armed forces.

What is Patronage?

Patronage is the practice of giving positions and benefits to supporters, often leading to favoritism.

What does No Man’s Land refer to?

No man’s land refers to the area between opposing trenches that is exposed to enemy fire and dangerous for soldiers.

What is a Two-Front War?

A two-front war is a conflict in which a nation must combat enemies on two different fronts or locations.

Implicit Bias

Refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner.

Explicit Bias

Biases that some individuals may choose to conceal for the purposes of social and/or political correctness. Eg. Overt racism, sexism

What are bias’

Biases are the mistakes our brain makes in building its patterns & categorizations of the world

How are bias’ formed?

• Experience and social conditioning

  • Cultural conditioning

  • Media portrayals

  • Upbringing and Role Modeling

Equity

Achieving parity in policy, process and outcomes for historically and/or currently underrepresented and/or marginalized people and groups while accounting for diversity

Equality

All human beings have an equal worth regardless of their colour, gender, race, or nationality

Privledge

Advantages and benefits that individuals receive because of social groups they are perceived to be a part of

Stereotyping

Beliefs we hold about the characteristics, tendencies, and competencies of social group

How has this impacted me or could impact me

Bias:

• I could be disicimated against due to peoples bias’ because I am a woman or because I am young

• I could hold bias’

Stereotype:

• I could be stereotyped because I am a woman and young

• I could hold unjust stereotypes against others

What are real world examples:

• Unjust incarcerations of black people and their unjust arrests and excess use of force against them by police officers

• Thinking that women are dumber than men

Can I identify example of bias, stereotyping, and prejudice in media?

Bias:

• Sensationalism: bias in favor of the exceptional over the ordinary, giving the impression that rare events, such as airplane crashes, are more common than common events (news)

• Political bias (News - fox)

Sterotyping:

• Blond women are dumb (movies)

Prejudice:

• Asian “model minority” (film/TV)

Governance

The act or process of governing or overseeing the control and direction of something

Reformed

Having been changed in such a way to be improved

Direct Democracy

All citizens participate directly in the political process by voting in every decision

Representative democracy

Citizens vote to elect representatives to act on their behalf and voice the view of the voters

Communism

• extreme left-wind ideology

• calls for abolishment of private property, promotes collective ownership