General Biology 2: Animal Tissues and Body Systems

Vocabulary flashcards covering human organ systems, definitions and types of animal tissues, and the classification, locations, and functions of epithelial tissues.

Tissue

A group of specialized cells and intercellular substance around them that are adapted to work together in order to perform particular functions.

Animal Tissue

Tissue tailored entirely for animal functions like movement, rapid signaling, and protection.

Integumentary System

Body system consisting of skin, hair, and nails that provides protection and temperature regulation.

Skeletal System

Body system composed of bones, cartilage, and joints that supports the body and protects organs.

Muscular System

Body system composed of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles that enables movement.

Nervous System

Body system comprising the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that processes information and controls bodily responses.

Endocrine System

Body system consisting of glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenals that produces hormones to regulate metabolism and growth.

Cardiovascular / Circulatory System

Body system composed of the heart and blood vessels that pumps and transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients.

Lymphatic / Immune System

Body system consisting of lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic vessels that protects against pathogens and drains tissue fluid.

Respiratory System

Body system made up of the lungs, trachea, and airways that handles oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide exchange.

Digestive System

Body system including the mouth, stomach, intestines, and liver that breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.

Urinary / Excretory System

Body system comprising the kidneys, bladder, and ureters that filters waste from blood and regulates water balance.

Reproductive System

Body system containing male and female reproductive organs responsible for producing gametes and offspring.

Four Types of Animal Tissue

Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue, and Nervous Tissue.

Epithelial Tissue

Type of tissue made up of tightly packed cells commonly seen outside the body covering or as lining of organs and cavities.

Squamous Epithelium

Epithelial cells that are flat and sheet-like in appearance, found in locations such as lungs, blood vessel linings, skin outer layers, mouth, and esophagus.

Cuboidal Epithelium

Epithelial cells that are cube-like in appearance with equal width, height, and depth, found in kidney tubules, glands, and ovary surface covering.

Columnar Epithelium

Epithelial cells that are column-like in appearance (taller than wide), found in the digestive tract, gallbladder, and respiratory tract.

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Type of epithelium that typically lines blood vessels and body cavities and regulates the passage of substances into the underlying tissue.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Epithelium consisting of multiple layers of stacked cells where surface cells are flat and scale-like; primary function is protection, not filtration or absorption.

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Type of epithelium found in glandular (secreting) tissue and kidney tubules.

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Type of epithelium found in the excretory ducts of salivary and sweat glands.

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Epithelium often specialized for absorption that usually has apical cilia or microvilli.

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Epithelium seen in the mucous membrane (conjunctiva) lining eyelids, where it is both protective and mucus-secreting.

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Type of epithelium that lines the upper respiratory tract and usually has a lot of cilia.

Transitional Epithelium

Also known as urothelium, a special function category made up of several layers of cells that become flattened when stretched.

Glandular Epithelium

Specialized epithelium that secretes enzymes, hormones, sweat, wax, and saliva, and produces mucus to lubricate the intestine.