Superficial Muscles of the Cat

Pectoantebrachialis

-not in man

-originates- anterior part of sternum

-inserts- fascia of ulna

-narrow band across chest

-means: chest armpit arm

-function: draws forelimb to midline

Pectoralis Major

-below pectoantebrachialis

-largest in man, but not in cat

--originates- anterior part of sternum

-inserts- fascia of ulna

-function: Draws forelimb towards the midline and turns the manus forward

Pectoralis Minor

-largest in cat, but not in man

-originates-mid and posterior sternum

-inserts on humerus

-function: Draws forelimb toward the midline

Xiphihumeralis

-no muscle corresponding to this in man

-originates- most posterior part of sternum (xiphoid process)

-inserts- humerus with pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

-v shaped

-function: works with the pectoralis minor to draw the fore limb towards the midline

external oblique

-originates- posterior ribs and lumbodorsal fascia

-inserts- aponeurosis along mid-ventral surface

-outermost

- thin broad sheet covering ventral and lateral abdominal

-function: compresses abdominal region

internal oblique

-under external oblique

- origin - dorsal lumbar

-insertion- Linea alba with the external oblique

- function : compresses the abdominal region

transversus abdominis

-innermost

-arises-from lower ribs and lumbar vertebrae

-inserts- along linea alba

-function: compresses the abdominal region

rectus abdominis

-either side of linea alba

-extends from pubis cranially

-inserts- on upper ribs and sternum

function: Compresses the abs, pulls the sternum and ribs caudally causing flexion in the trunk

latissimus dorsi

-arises- from aponerosis along mid- dorsal line

-triangular

- covers lateral surface of body

-gives humerus great power for pulling back when the cat is running or climbing

clavobrachialis

-most anterior of shoulder and arm on top

- Orgin -Clavical between Clavotrapezius and clavobrachialis

- insertion inseted with the brachialis through a tendon on the medial side of the ulna distal to the semilunar notch

- function: Flexes the forearm

sternomastoid

-large v shaped band on neck

-originates- hamubrium of sternum

-inserts- mastoid process

function: rotate the head to the opposite side or obliquely rotate the head

cleidomastoid

-in man combined with sternomastoid

- function: flex cats head and bend right and left

-originates- from clavicle

-inserts- mastoid process

sternohyoid

- 2 bands muscle along mid-ventral line

-originates- sternum

-inserts- hyoid cartilage

function: thin, narrow muscle attaching the hyoid bone to the sternum

sternothyroid

-deep and lateral to sternohyoid

-function: depress the larynx

Diagastric

-extends from occipital and temporal bones in mandible

-function: lowers jaw

Mylohoid

-raises floor of mouth

-function: elevates the hyoid and the tongue

Masseter

-primary muscle for chewing

-extends from zygomatic bone to lateral of mandible

temporalis

-used for chewing

-insert-mandible

clavobrachialis(clavodeltoid)

-originate- at clavicle , crosses shoulder and upper arm

-inserts- upon ulna near elbow

-continuations of clavotrapezius

-function: external humerus and turn head and flex elbow

epitrochlearis

-thin

-not in man

-acts with triceps brachii to extend elbow(function)

tricpes brachii

-has 3 heads

-acts to extend elbow(function)

Flexor carpi ulnaris

-function: flex the wrist and digits

-on the ulna

palmaris longus

-function: flex the wrist and digits

brachioradialis

-function: flex the wrist and digits

-origin- middle of humerus

-insertion- distal end of radius

-function: rotates radius and supinates paw

flexor digitorium profundus

-function: flex the wrist and digits

flexor carpi radialis

-function: flex the wrist and digits

-on the radius

pronator teres

-function: rotates the palm of hand downward and flew the wrist and digits

-originates- medial epicondyl

-inserts- medial surface radius

antebrachial fascia

-covers all the lower forelimb muscles

-fascia that covers the arm

sartorius

-flatten band

-originates- crest of ilium

-inserts- upon tibia and patella

function: abducts and rotates the thigh and extends the knee

gracilis

-origin- near pubis symphasis

-inserts- upon medial surface of tibia

-function: abducts the thigh

adductor femoris

-originates- pubis

-inserts- femur

-function: adduct the thigh

adductor longus

-originates- pubis

-inserts- femur

-function: adduct the thigh

pectineus

-origin- anterior pubis

-insertion-shaft of femur

-function:Adducts and flexes thigh at the hip

illiopsoas

- same to iliacus and psoasmajor in man

Function: hip flexion

Gastrocnemius

-major muscle of calf

- 2 separate heads: lateral and medial head

- inserts- on calcaneous by Achilles tendon

-function: extensor of foot

soleus

-originates- fibula

-inserts- calcaneus by achilles tendon

-function: acts to extend foot

tibialis anterior

-lies upon tibia

- originate- tibia and fibula

- inserts- long tendon

-Function: extends and inverts foot

flexor digitorum longus

-arises- tibia and fibula

-inserts- terminal phalanges

-function: flexor of digits

clavotrapezius

-inserts- on clavicle

-most anertior of three

- combined with acrimiotrapezius and spinotrapezius in man

-arised from back of head and mid dorsal line of neck

-function: draws clavicle dorsally and toward head (cranially)

acromiotrapezius

-thin, flat and triangular

- covers most of the scapula

- origins- posterior cervical and anterior thoracic vertebrae

-inserts- spine of scapula

- combined with clavotrapezius and spinotrapezius in man

-function: pulls scapula inward, closer to ribs

spinotrapezius

-originates- spinous processes of posterior thoracic vertebrae

-broad thing and triangular

-inserts- spine of scapula

- combined with clavotrapezius and acrimiotrapezius in man

function: draws scapula dorsally and toward tail

trapezius group

move pectoral girdle and head

deltoid group

raise humerus and rotate it

acromiodeltoid

-short, thick muscle

-originates- at acromion process of scapula

-inserts- proximal end of humerus

-function: raises and rotates humerus

spinodeltoid

-originates- spine of scapula

-inserts- humerus

-rectangular

function: Raises and rotates humerus

levator scapulae ventralis

-function: draws scapulae anteriorly

-band of muscle, extends cadually from 1st cervical vertebrae, the atlas and from the occipital bone

-inserts- scapula

-not in man

long head of triceps brachii

-largest of 3 heads

-arises from scapula

-spindle shaped mass

-insert- olecranon process

- act together with lateral and medial head to extend the forelimb

lateral head of triceps brachii

-flatten segment

-originates- from dorsal surface of humerus

-insert-olecranon process

-acts together with medial and long head to extend the forelimb

medial head of triceps brachii

-deep layer

-arises from dorsal surface of humerus

- acts together with lateral and long head to extend forelimb

brachialis

-arises- lateral surface of humerus

-in upper forelimb

-inserts- proximal end of ulna

-function: flexor of elbow

extensor carpi radialis longus

-inserts- second metacarpal

-action- extend forefoot

extensor digitorum communis

-long muscle whose tendon divides at wrist

- attatches to all but 1st digit and extends them

extensor digitorium lateralis

-long muscle

-inserts- 3,4,5 digits and extends them

extensor carpi ulnaris

-inserts- 5th metacarpal

tensor fascia lata

-fan shaped muscle

-inserts- fascia lata

-origin-ilium

-function: tense the fasia lata and extends the thigh

gluteus medius

-thick, short muscle

-covered by tensor fascia lata

-originates- ilium and transverse process of sacral and caudal vertebrae

-insertion- greater trochanter of femur

-acts as adductor to thigh

gluteus maximus

-in cat this is small, but in human it is large

-insert- proximal femur

-function: adduct thigh

caudofemoralis

- originates- caudal vertebrae

-inserts- patella

-function: adducts thigh and extends leg at the knee

biceps femoris

-2-2 1/2 inches wide

-ischium to tibia

-function: flex shank and adduct thigh

semi-tendonous

-arise- ischium

-inserts- tendon on tibia

-function: flexes the knee

semi- membranous

-deep to gracilis and medial to semi- tendonous

-originates- ischium

-insertion- distal end of femur

-function: extends the thigh