2/7/2025-Cam14-Alexander Henderson

emigrate

To leave your own country to live in another

migrate, relocate, move, go abroad, leave, resettle, depart, vacate

He decided to emigrate to Canada for better job opportunities. Anh ấy quyết định di cư sang Canada để có cơ hội việc làm tốt hơn.

To permanently move out of one’s country

emigrate to a country, emigrate from homeland

Use in Writing Task 2 when discussing globalisation or brain drain.

well-known

Known by many people

famous, renowned, celebrated, legendary, prominent, distinguished, notable, acclaimed

She is a well-known author in the literary community. Cô ấy là một tác giả nổi tiếng trong giới văn học.

Recognized or widely acknowledged

well-known figure, well-known fact, well-known brand

Common in Speaking Part 2 when describing people or places.

merchant

A person involved in wholesale trade

seller, trader, wholesaler, dealer, vendor, supplier, shopkeeper, marketer

The spice merchant sold goods from Asia. Người buôn gia vị bán hàng từ châu Á.

Someone who sells or trades goods

wealthy merchant, local merchant, merchant ship

Use in Reading for historical/trade passages.

found

To start or establish an institution, business, or organization

create, start, establish, set up, launch, initiate, organize, build

He founded a school for orphaned children. Anh ấy đã thành lập một ngôi trường cho trẻ mồ côi.

Begin or initiate something, especially formally

found a company, found a charity, founder of

Useful in Writing Task 1/2 for business or education topics.

chairman

The leader of a meeting, company, or organization

chairperson, chair, chairwoman, president, head, leader, director, moderator

The chairman opened the conference with a speech. Chủ tịch khai mạc hội nghị bằng một bài phát biểu.

The presiding officer or head

chairman of the board, newly elected chairman

Use when writing about corporate structures or government positions.

extensive

Large in size, amount, or degree

big, large, huge, massive, wide, vast, broad, far-reaching

The storm caused extensive damage to the village. Cơn bão gây thiệt hại lớn cho ngôi làng.

Covering a large area or amount

extensive damage, extensive research, extensive knowledge

Use in Writing Task 2 for describing problems or research

landholding

Land owned or rented by an individual or group

estate, farmland, holding, acreage, terrain, plot, property, grounds

He inherited a large landholding from his father. Anh ấy thừa kế một khu đất lớn từ cha mình.

An area of land under ownership

large landholding, ancestral landholding

Appears in Reading in texts about agriculture or history.

residence

A place where someone lives, often formally

house, home, dwelling, abode, domicile, quarters, accommodation, apartment

This building is the official residence of the president. Tòa nhà này là nơi ở chính thức của tổng thống.

Living place, especially official or permanent

permanent residence, private residence, residence permit

Useful in Speaking when talking about living arrangements.

acres

A unit of land area (approx. 4,047 m²)

hectare (approx.), lot, plot, ground, expanse, fields, property, stretch

He owns 50 acres of farmland. Anh ấy sở hữu 50 mẫu đất nông nghiệp.

A measure of land area

10 acres of land, farm of several acres

Common in Reading or Listening about agriculture or land use.

mansion

A large and impressive house

hall, castle, palace, manor, estate, villa, residence, chateau

They live in a luxurious mansion by the lake. Họ sống trong một biệt thự sang trọng bên hồ.

A very large, often luxurious house

luxury mansion, seaside mansion, historic mansion

Use in Speaking Part 2 when describing buildings or dreams.

edge

The border or part furthest from the center

rim, border, boundary, margin, fringe, limit, perimeter, verge

She sat on the edge of the chair. Cô ấy ngồi ở mép ghế.

The outer limit of something

edge of the table, cliff edge, cutting edge

Use metaphorically in Writing: "on the edge of extinction."

property

Things or land that someone owns

land, building, estate, belongings, assets, possessions, premises, holding

They are selling their property to move abroad. Họ đang bán tài sản để ra nước ngoài sinh sống.

Something owned, especially land or buildings

property value, real estate property, private property

Appears often in Writing Task 1 (housing) or Listening (rentals).

stream

A small, narrow river

watercourse, brook, creek, runnel, rivulet, flow, torrent, channel

We crossed a stream on our hike. Chúng tôi băng qua một con suối trong chuyến đi bộ.

A continuous flow of water (or data/information)

mountain stream, stream of data, stream flows

Use literally and figuratively in Reading (nature, tech).

outskirts

The outer parts of a town or city

suburb, periphery, edge, fringe, borders, exurb, boundaries, outer area

They live on the outskirts of the city. Họ sống ở vùng ngoại ô của thành phố.

The farthest areas from the city center

city outskirts, live on the outskirts, outskirts area

Useful in Speaking for describing hometowns or where you live.

apprenticeship

A period of learning under skilled workers

traineeship, internship, training, probation, mentorship, tutelage, practicum, hands-on learning

He started an apprenticeship in carpentry. Anh ấy bắt đầu học việc nghề mộc.

training under supervision

apprenticeship program, complete an apprenticeship

Use in Writing Task 2 when discussing job readiness or education reforms.

accountant

A professional managing financial records

bookkeeper, auditor, CPA, financial officer, treasurer, analyst, controller, tax advisor

She hired an accountant to manage her taxes. Cô ấy thuê một kế toán để quản lý thuế.

financial professional

certified accountant, forensic accountant

Relevant for Speaking Part 2 when describing a job.

the prospect of

The possibility or likelihood of something happening

possibility, vision, potential, likelihood, chance, hope, expectation, future opportunity

The prospect of studying abroad excites her. Viễn cảnh du học khiến cô ấy phấn khích.

future chance

exciting prospect, daunting prospect

Useful in Writing Task 2 when discussing future consequences or career goals.

please

To satisfy or make someone happy

satisfy, gratify, delight, amuse, content, entertain, cheer, indulge

He tried to please everyone at the party. Anh ấy cố làm hài lòng mọi người trong bữa tiệc.

make someone happy

please the audience, eager to please

Appears in Listening and Speaking in social contexts

settled in

Became comfortable in a new environment

adjusted, adapted, acclimated, familiarized, fitted in, blended in, became comfortable, integrated

She quickly settled in at her new school. Cô ấy nhanh chóng thích nghi với trường mới.

adapted to a new environment

settle in a new job, settle into routine

Describe life changes in Speaking Part 1 or 2.

take it up

To begin a job, hobby, or responsibility

start, commence, begin, embark on, undertake, assume, engage in, accept

He took up photography after retirement. Ông ấy bắt đầu chụp ảnh sau khi nghỉ hưu.

begin doing something

take up a challenge, take up a new role

Use when explaining changes in routine or career in Speaking Part 2.

amateur

A beginner or non-professional in a field

layperson, beginner, apprentice, novice, newcomer, dabbler, learner, #professional

The performance was impressive for an amateur. Buổi biểu diễn rất ấn tượng đối với một người nghiệp dư.

non-professional

amateur athlete, amateur artist

Use to compare skill levels in Writing Task 2.

personal friend

A close or familiar person, often of significance

close friend, confidant, mate, buddy, ally, companion, associate, intimate

He is a personal friend of the president. Anh ấy là bạn thân của tổng thống.

close relationship

personal friend of, trusted personal friend

Use to describe relationships in Speaking Part 2.

excursion

A short journey for pleasure or education

trip, tour, expedition, journey, outing, voyage, trek, jaunt

They went on a school excursion to the museum. Họ đi tham quan bảo tàng cùng trường.

short recreational journey

school excursion, weekend excursion

Common in Reading and Listening sections on travel and education.

cooperate

To work jointly with others

collaborate, unite, work together, team up, join forces, assist, coordinate, support

We need to cooperate to finish the project. Chúng ta cần hợp tác để hoàn thành dự án.

work as a team

cooperate fully, cooperate with authorities

Use in Writing when discussing teamwork or global issues.

experiments

Scientific tests or trials

trial, test, research, analysis, investigation, examination, study, procedure

They conducted experiments on plant growth. Họ tiến hành thí nghiệm về sự phát triển của cây.

scientific test

conduct experiments, laboratory experiments

Common in Listening/Reading on scientific topics.

magnesium

A chemical element (symbol: Mg)

element, metal, nutrient, mineral, compound, supplement, additive, material

Magnesium is important for bone health. Magie rất quan trọng cho sức khỏe xương.

essential metal element

magnesium supplement, magnesium compound

Appears in Science passages in Reading or Writing.

flare

A sudden burst of light or fire

flash, blaze, sparkle, burst, glow, flame, flicker, shine

A flare lit up the night sky. Một luồng sáng lóe lên giữa bầu trời đêm.

sudden brightness

flare up, signal flare

Useful in descriptive Writing Task 1 or Speaking Part 2.

artificial

Not natural, made by humans

man-made, non-natural, synthetic, fake, imitation, manufactured, fabricated, #natural

The flowers were artificial. Những bông hoa đó là nhân tạo.

not real, synthetic

artificial intelligence, artificial flavor

Common in Writing Task 2 when discussing technology.

association

An organized group or connection between people/things

organization, union, alliance, society, group, consortium, league, partnership

She is part of a medical association. Cô ấy là thành viên của một hiệp hội y tế.

formal group or connection

trade association, in association with

Useful in Writing/Reading on professional or academic topics.

in spite of

Despite, regardless of

despite, although, even though, regardless of, yet, though, but still, nevertheless

In spite of the rain, they continued working. Mặc dù trời mưa, họ vẫn tiếp tục làm việc.

regardless of condition

in spite of everything, in spite of difficulties

Excellent linking word for Writing Task 2.

bold

Confident and noticeable

confident, brave, daring, vivid, fearless, striking, audacious, prominent

She wore a bold red dress. Cô ấy mặc một chiếc váy đỏ nổi bật.

strong and eye-catching

bold move, bold color

Descriptive vocabulary for Speaking Part 2 or Writing Task 1 (graph descriptions).

realism

Practical thinking or accurate representation

practicality, objectivity, authenticity, #idealism, #romanticism, #fantasy, #illusion

His artwork focuses on realism. Tác phẩm của anh ấy tập trung vào chủ nghĩa hiện thực.

practical or accurate representation

realism in art, political realism

Useful in Speaking or Writing Task 2 about art and ideas.

influence

The power to affect or change something

effect, impact, repercussion, sway, control, authority, manipulation, inspiration

Parents have a strong influence on children. Cha mẹ có ảnh hưởng lớn đến con cái.

cause an effect

powerful influence, influence over

Use in Essay Writing and Speaking to show cause-effect.

artistic

Showing creativity or skill in the arts

creative, imaginative, inventive, inspired, talented, arty, expressive, aesthetic

He has artistic talent. Anh ấy có năng khiếu nghệ thuật.

related to the arts

artistic style, artistic expression

Useful for Speaking Part 2 when describing people or interests.

publication

Printed or digital material made public

journal, newspaper, magazine, article, bulletin, periodical, newsletter, digest

She works for a well-known publication. Cô ấy làm việc cho một tờ báo nổi tiếng.

public written work

academic publication, in publication

Use in Writing Task 2 or Speaking about media or research.

circulation

The number of copies distributed or sold

distribution, readership, sales, reach, spread, exposure, delivery, dissemination

The newspaper has a high circulation. Tờ báo có lượng phát hành lớn.

distribution of material

newspaper circulation, blood circulation

Appears in both Academic Reading and General Training passages.

vary

To differ or change

differ, change, alter, fluctuate, shift, diversify, contrast, deviate

The prices vary depending on the season. Giá thay đổi tùy theo mùa.

to be different

vary widely, results vary

Useful in Writing Task 1 (process/graph) and Reading

prove

To show something is true

show, demonstrate, evidence, validate, confirm, establish, substantiate, #disprove

He proved his innocence. Anh ấy đã chứng minh sự vô tội của mình.

show as true

prove wrong, prove effective

Common in Writing Task 2 argumentative essays.

evaluate

To assess or judge the value of something

assess, estimate, value, calculate, appraise, review, examine, gauge

We need to evaluate the results. Chúng ta cần đánh giá kết quả.

judge or assess

evaluate performance, critically evaluate

Great for Writing Task 2 when analyzing options or solutions.

advertise

To promote or publicize something

publicize, market, announce, promote, endorse, broadcast, showcase, display

They advertise new products on social media. Họ quảng cáo sản phẩm mới trên mạng xã hội.

make known to public

advertise a product, advertising campaign

Use in Speaking and Writing when discussing business or media.

drop

To stop doing something or let it fall

stop, give up, abandon, discontinue, quit, fall, release, #maintain

She dropped the course after two weeks. Cô ấy bỏ khóa học sau hai tuần.

stop or let go

drop out, drop a subject

Useful in Writing Task 2 on education or habits.

portrait

An artistic representation of a person

painting, drawing, depiction, image, likeness, representation, photo, sketch

The artist painted a portrait of the king. Họa sĩ vẽ chân dung nhà vua.

image of a person

self-portrait, official portrait

Descriptive vocabulary for Speaking Part 2 (art/museum topics).

specialize

To focus on a particular area of study or work

specify, concentrate, focus, major in, dedicate, practice, pursue, narrow down

She specializes in environmental law. Cô ấy chuyên về luật môi trường.

focus on a specific field

specialize in, area of specialization

Use in Speaking Part 2 when describing academic or career choices.

numerous

A large number of

many, plentiful, abundant, countless, several, multiple, various, a lot of

He made numerous contributions. Anh ấy đã có nhiều đóng góp.

a large amount

numerous opportunities, numerous times

Common in both Writing and Speaking to emphasize quantity.

reveal

To make something known or visible

expose, uncover, bring to light, disclose, show, unveil, divulge, demonstrate

The survey revealed surprising results. Cuộc khảo sát đã tiết lộ những kết quả bất ngờ.

make known

reveal a secret, reveal the truth

Use in Writing Task 1 (chart analysis) and Speaking to present facts.

compose

To create or write, especially in music or writing

produce, create, make, compile, construct, formulate, devise, craft

She composed a beautiful melody. Cô ấy sáng tác một giai điệu tuyệt đẹp.

create something

compose music, composed of

Appears in Writing Task 2 or Reading in art/music topics.

pursuit

activity done for enjoyment

pastime, interest, hobby, recreation, diversion, activity, leisure pursuit, entertainment

She enjoys outdoor pursuits like hiking. Cô ấy thích các hoạt động giải trí ngoài trời như đi bộ đường dài.

something you do regularly for pleasure

in pursuit of, leisure pursuit, passionate pursuit

Use in Writing Task 2 when discussing hobbies or lifestyle.

sufficient

enough for a particular purpose

enough, adequate, ample, satisfactory, abundant, plenty, appropriate, acceptable

We have sufficient resources to complete the task. Chúng tôi có đủ tài nguyên để hoàn thành nhiệm vụ.

as much as needed

sufficient evidence, sufficient time, sufficient amount

Formal word suitable for Academic IELTS Writing.

depict

to show or represent

illustrate, describe, portray, represent, paint, outline, display, picture

The painting depicts a beautiful landscape. Bức tranh miêu tả một phong cảnh tuyệt đẹp.

to give a picture of

vividly depict, accurately depict, depict clearly

Good for describing visual data in Writing Task 1.

lumber

wood that is used for building

wood, timber, logs, planks, beams, boards, firewood, sawwood

He carried the lumber into the shed. Anh ta mang gỗ vào kho.

pieces of wood for construction

cut lumber, pile of lumber, lumber yard

Useful for describing materials in Process or Map tasks.

enable

to make possible

allow, permit, support, assist, aid, facilitate, empower, authorize (#prevent)

Technology enables students to learn online. Công nghệ cho phép học sinh học trực tuyến.

to give the ability or means

enable access, enable someone to, enable the system

Ideal for Task 2 (technology/education topics).

time-consuming

taking a lot of time

laborious, lengthy, slow, inefficient, prolonged, tedious, exhausting, timewasting (#timesaving)

Writing essays can be a time-consuming process. Viết luận có thể là một quá trình tốn thời gian.

taking longer than expected

time-consuming task, process, work

Good adjective for both Writing and Speaking (Task 2, Part 3).

souvenir

something kept as a reminder

keepsake, memento, gift, token, reminder, present, memorabilia, relic

I bought a souvenir from Paris. Tôi đã mua một món quà lưu niệm từ Paris.

a small thing to remember a place

buy a souvenir, tourist souvenir, bring home a souvenir

Appears in tourism-related topics in IELTS.

cater

to provide what is needed

provide, supply, serve, accommodate, furnish, deliver, offer, feed

The restaurant caters to all dietary needs. Nhà hàng đáp ứng mọi nhu cầu về chế độ ăn uống.

to provide food or services

cater for, cater to, catering service

Use in Task 2 when discussing services or events.

stock

to keep for sale or use

store, carry, keep, supply, sell, hold, maintain, offer

The shop stocks a wide range of books. Cửa hàng có nhiều loại sách.

to have available for sale

stock up, out of stock, stock list

Great for task about business, shopping, or supply chains.

mounting

supporting or placing something

framing, installing, encasing, fixing, displaying, setting, attaching, hanging

The picture needs mounting before it can be hung. Bức tranh cần được lắp đặt trước khi treo.

fixing in place for display

mounting evidence, mounting pressure, picture mounting

Use when describing photos, exhibits, or pressures.

inclusion

the act of adding something

addition, insertion, attachment, involvement, integration, admission, incorporation, involvement (#exclusion)

The inclusion of more examples helps understanding. Việc đưa thêm ví dụ giúp hiểu rõ hơn.

the act of being part of something

inclusion policy, social inclusion, inclusion criteria

Useful for topics on education or diversity.

exhibit

to show publicly

display, show, present, reveal, demonstrate, express, expose, unveil

He exhibited great courage. Anh ấy thể hiện sự can đảm lớn.

to make something visible

exhibit behavior, art exhibit, exhibit emotions

Can be used in both literal (art) and abstract (behavior) contexts.

throughout

in every part or time

all over, all through, during, across, everywhere, across the board, extensively, pervasively

The museum is open throughout the year. Bảo tàng mở cửa quanh năm.

from beginning to end

throughout the world, throughout history, throughout the process

Common in Writing Task 1 to describe trends.

document

to record information

record, write down, register, log, chronicle, archive, file, catalog

He documented the entire journey. Anh ấy đã ghi lại toàn bộ chuyến đi.

to keep written proof

document evidence, document carefully, document history

Use in academic writing, research, or legal contexts.

be fond of

to like very much

be keen on, enjoy, love, appreciate, be attracted to, care for, admire, have affection for

She is fond of animals. Cô ấy rất thích động vật.

to have a strong liking

fond memories, fond of reading, fondness for

Natural expression in Speaking Part 1.

wilderness

a wild area with few people

wilds, wasteland, forest, desert, jungle, backcountry, nature, the bush

They went camping in the wilderness. Họ đã đi cắm trại ở vùng hoang dã.

remote natural area

untouched wilderness, vast wilderness, wilderness experience

Useful in Writing Task 2 (environmental issues).

canoe

small light boat

kayak, outrigger, coracle, dugout, skiff, raft, pirogue, piragua

He paddled the canoe across the river. Anh ta chèo thuyền độc mộc qua sông.

narrow boat moved by paddling

paddle a canoe, canoe trip, canoe rental

Appears in adventure or travel contexts.

sail

travel by boat

cruise, voyage, navigate, travel, row, float, set sail, journey

They sailed across the Atlantic. Họ đã vượt Đại Tây Dương bằng thuyền buồm.

to move in a boat

set sail, sailboat, sail away

Useful in Speaking and Reading texts about travel.

yacht

a luxurious boat

vessel, ship, cruiser, boat, launch, catamaran, schooner, ferry

They own a luxury yacht. Họ sở hữu một du thuyền sang trọng.

a private recreational boat

sail a yacht, yacht club, luxury yacht

Appears in luxury lifestyle or travel discussions.

shore

land along water

coast, bank, beach, waterfront, riverside, coastline, seashore, foreshore

We walked along the shore. Chúng tôi đi dọc bờ biển.

land next to water

sandy shore, rocky shore, on the shore

Descriptive word, useful in Writing Task 1 map tasks.

undertaking

an important task or project

task, mission, duty, job, venture, assignment, project, enterprise

Building the bridge was a major undertaking. Xây cầu là một nhiệm vụ lớn.

something difficult you agree to do

major undertaking, risky undertaking, serious undertaking

Appropriate in Writing Task 2 for big actions/projects.

commission

an official group or task

agency, committee, board, panel, authority, council, department, delegation

The commission investigated the case. Ủy ban đã điều tra vụ việc.

a group given authority

set up a commission, government commission, European Commission

Use in politics, history or government contexts.

record

to write or store information

document, chronicle, log, write down, archive, register, keep track, file

The results were recorded carefully. Kết quả đã được ghi lại cẩn thận.

to keep information

official record, keep a record, audio record

Suitable for academic IELTS Writing and Listening.

principal

most important

main, major, key, primary, leading, core, foremost, prime

Their principal goal is sustainability. Mục tiêu chính của họ là phát triển bền vững.

the most important part

principal reason, principal role, principal concern

Formal word used in academic essays and reports.

administer

To manage or be in charge of something

manage, run, control, govern, supervise, oversee, direct, operate

She administers the company with great skill. Cô ấy quản lý công ty rất giỏi.

Take charge of operations or responsibilities

administer medicine, administer a test, administer justice

Useful for Writing Task 2 and Speaking when discussing management or leadership roles.

duty

A responsibility or task that someone is required to perform

task, responsibility, obligation, assignment, job, function, mission, undertaking

It’s your duty to take care of the elderly. Nhiệm vụ của bạn là chăm sóc người già.

Something one is expected to do

sense of duty, perform one’s duty, duty-bound

Common in Task 2 essays related to social responsibility, ethics, or work.

extensively

To a great or large degree or extent

greatly, much, highly, considerably, significantly, broadly, widely, vastly

He traveled extensively during his career. Anh ấy đã đi du lịch rất nhiều trong suốt sự nghiệp.

In a wide or comprehensive manner

extensively researched, extensively used, extensively damaged

Use in academic Writing to show depth (e.g., “studied extensively”).

post

A job or position of responsibility

position, placement, job, workplace, assignment, role, station, appointment

She accepted a post as a lecturer. Cô ấy nhận một vị trí giảng viên.

A work role or duty assigned

apply for a post, hold a post, vacant post

Use when describing work or experience in Task 1 (general training) or Writing Task 2.

retired

To have stopped working permanently, often due to age

stop working, give up work, be pensioned off, step down, resign, withdraw, quit, leave

He retired at the age of 65. Ông ấy nghỉ hưu ở tuổi 65.

Leave a job permanently, especially due to age

retired life, recently retired, retired early

Useful for describing life changes or career transitions (Writing Task 1/2).

glass negatives

A photographic image captured on glass plate using a chemical emulsion

collodion negatives, dry plate negatives, vintage plates, glass plate photos, old photographic negatives, emulsion plates, historical negatives, light-sensitive glass plates

The museum displays 19th-century glass negatives. Bảo tàng trưng bày các âm bản kính thế kỷ 19.

Early photography format using glass instead of film

preserve glass negatives, develop glass negatives, historical glass negatives

Good for Academic Writing or Reading in topics about photography, history, or technology.

basement

A floor of a building that is partly or entirely below ground level

cellar, underground level, lower ground, vault, sublevel, crypt, underground room, storage floor

The laundry room is in the basement. Phòng giặt nằm ở tầng hầm.

A lower level room or space in a building

finished basement, basement floor, basement flooding

Useful for IELTS Listening (describing a home), or Reading (architecture, housing).