kamsc honors biology 9 pig dissection

urogenital opening

used to determine sex of pig, located near anus on females, located near umbilical cord on males

urogenital papilla

only on females, present near genital opening

umbilical cord

contains blood vessels that connect fetus to placenta, extends from midline of ventral surface, has 2 arteries and 1 vein

nipples

both males and females have rows of these

anterior

front

posterior

back

dorsal

top

ventral

bottom

medial

toward the midline or middle of the body

lateral

toward the outside of the body

proximal

close to a point of reference

distal

farther from a point of reference

hard and soft palates

on roof of mouth

taste buds

also known as sensory papillae, on the side of the tongue

epiglottis

cone-shaped structure at back of mouth, a flap of skin helps to close this opening when a pig swallows

pharynx

cavity in the back of the mouth, junction for food (esophagus) and air (trachea)

esophagus

at back of mouth and on top of the stomach, junction for food

glottis

opening to trachea

gestation for pig

112-115 days

how use length to give a rough estimate of age of pig

11 mm - 21 days

17 mm - 35 days

2.8 mm - 49 days

4 cm - 56 days

22 cm - 100 days

30 cm - birth

masseter muscle

works the jaw

salivary glands

also known as parotid glands, kind of look like chewing gum

umbilical vein

leads from umbilical cord to the liver, need to cut this vein in order to open up abdominal cavity

diaphragm

muscle that divides the thoracic and abdominal cavity and is located towards the ribcage, aids in breathing

liver

lobed and is largest organ in the body, responsible for making bile for digestion

gall bladder

greenish organ, located underneath liver, stores bile and sends it to the duodenum via bile duct

bile duct

attaches gall bladder to duodenum, empties bile into duodenum from the gall bladder

stomach

pouch shaped organ that rests just underneath and to the pig's left, responsible for churning and breaking down food

cardiac sphincter valve

at esophagus and end of stomach, regulates what enters and leaves stomach

pyloric sphincter valve

opening valve between stomach and small intestine, regulates what enters and leaves stomach

small intestine

composed of duodenum and ileum, where further digestion occurs and nutrients are absorbed through the mesenteric arteries in the mesentery

duodenum

straight portion of small intestine just after the stomach

ileum

curly part of small intestine, held together by the mesentery

mesentery

holds together the ileum

mesenteric arteries

arteries in the mesentery, where nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine

pancreas

bumpy organ located along the underside of the stomach, makes insulin that is necessary for the proper uptake of sugars from the blood

pancreatic duct

leads from pancreas to duodenum

spleen

flattened organ that lies across stomach and to extreme left side of pig, stores blood and is not part of the digestive system

splenic artery

on underside of pig, leads to spleen

cecum

At the end of the ileum where it widens to become the large intestine, this "dead-end' branch is visible. It helps the pig digest plant material

large intestine

can be traced to the rectum, reabsorbs water from the digested food

rectum

can be traced from the large intestine, lies toward the back of the pig and is not movable, opens to outside of pig, where any undigested food is stored as feces

anus

opening to outside of pig

kidneys

lies on either side of the spine and are bean shaped organs, responsible for removing harmful substances from blood that are excreted as urine

umbilical vessels

2 vessels that can be seen in the umbilical cord

urinary bladder

is flattened, lies between umbilical vessels

ureters

tubes leading from kidneys that carry urine to the urinary bladder

urethra

tube that carries urine out of the body

renal vessels

vessels that attach to the kidney

scrotal sacs

at posterior end of pig (between the legs), holds the testis

testis

produce sperm cells

epididymis

what sperm cells produced in the testes pass through

vas deferens

tube where sperm cells produced in the testes pass through and into this

penis

tube-like structure, eventually exists out the urogenital opening, also known as the urethra

ovaries

2 bean shaped things located just posterior to the kidneys and connected to the curly oviducts

oviducts

located towards the posterior, these things are curly and are connected to the ovaries, and they merge at the uterus

uterus

where the oviducts merge

vagina

is traced from the uterus, will appear as a continuation of the uterus

heart

is above the diaphragm and is at the center of the chest

pericardium

thin membrane that surrounds heart

atria

there are 2 of theses are visible on the heart

ventricle

visible on the heart, has 2 chambers not visible from outside

pulmonary trunk

most obvious vessel on the front of heart, curves upward and joins aorta

aorta

a vessel that arches from the heart and goes to the lower part of the body (where is is called the abdominal (dorsal) aorta), supplies the body with blood

right brachiocephalic and left subclavian

what the aorta will curve back and branch into

right and left subclavian

supplies blood to the arms and follow clavicle bone

common carotid and right subclavian

arteries where the right brachiocephalic branches into

carotids

supply blood to the head and neck

left and right carotids

what the common carotid branches into

coronary vessels

on the outside of the heart, supplies blood to the muscle of the heart

intercostal arteries

easy arteries to find, run near the ribs

anterior and posterior vena cava

located on the dorsal side of the heart, brings blood from the body back into the heart

left and right jugular veins

drains blood from the head and run parallel to carotids

lungs

2 spongy things located to the left and right side of pic, connected to bronchial tubes

trachea

connected to bronchial tubes, easy to identify due to the cartilaginous rings, located in the chin area and above the heart, forms a "Y" with bronchial tubes and lungs

cartilaginous rings

helps keep trachea from collapsing as the pig inhales and exhales

thyroid gland

lies atop the trachea, pinkish brown and V shaped, secretes hormones that control growth and metabolism

larynx

at the anterior of the trachea, hard and light colored, allows pig to produce sounds

hepatic artery

leads to liver

renal arteries

lead to kidney

mesenteric artery

leads to mesentery and branches into many smaller vessels, located in the small intestine

umbilical arteries

what the abdominal aorta joins into

external iliac arteries and femoral arteries

2 large vessels that lead to each leg that the abdominal aorta splits into

femoral arteries

the external iliac arteries will turn into this as they enter the leg

ilio-lumbar artery

what the umbilical artery branches into, this is a small artery that stretches towards the posterior of the pig

deep femoral

located towards the back of the leg, the external iliac will branch into the femoral artery and this