Biological Molecules- LIPID

Lipids,

Elmusion/Lipid Test

Add sample to ethanol, add water, shake

more lipids present=the whiter, more elmusion will be present

Types of lipids

1. horomones

2. fats and oils aka triglycerides

3. phospholipids

4. steroids

5. chlosterol

Fats vs Oils

fats are solid, saturated, from animals. Oils are liquid, unsaturated, and from plants

Functions of Lipids

1. protect organs

2. insulation

3. prevents evaporation

4. forms myelin sheath around neurones'

5. component of cell membrane

6. water/long term energy due to resp of lipids

Contains what

• contains CHO

Lipids are ___ meaning they cant __ and have what distrubtion

nonpolar, meaning they cant dissolve and have an even distrubtiion of charge

Lipids are insoluble but..

are solvent in organic matter

lipids are hydro___

hydrophobic

Lipids do or do not form ____. There building blocks are

they dont form polymers. there building blocks are glycerol and fatty acids

triglyceride formation

form from 3 fatty acids and a glycerol by a ester bond during condesation reaction

how do ester bonds form

During condensation reaction between the hydroxyl group OH and the alc of the carboxyllic acid

Monoglyceride and diglyceride

1 glycerol w 1 fatty acid, 1 glycerol w 2 fatty acid

in condensation reaction, for one water mplecule they lose

1 fatty acid

fatty acids structure

long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms w a carboxyl group (COOH) at end. Can either be staurated (double bonds) or unsaturated (only single)

Phospholipids structure

1 phosphate polar group as the head, 2 fatty acids and the glycerol (lipid) as the tail.

Is phosopholipids polar or nonpolar

Polar - uneven charge distrubition

Phospolipids - hydrophilic or phobic

the phosphate group HEAD is philic, the tail is phobic.

What happens to phospholipids in water and what r they called depending on the amount of layers

the head will face the water, while the tail with face away. If its one layer then it is a MICELLE and two layers is a PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

Blubber

fat — keeps insulation and protects organs

Bugs plants waxy cuticle (lipids ex)

conserves H20

Desert animals keep water in them

energy conversation/water due to resp of lipids!

hydrogen bond

a weak intermolecular force found in water and protein structure

hydrolosis

chemical reaction in which it uses a water molecule to break a bond between molecules

Condensation Reaction

in which an bond (an ester bond) between two molecules in made from the release of a water molecule

Ester bond

a covalent bond that is found between glycerol and a fatty acid

Ionic bond

Bond (found in tertiary/quartnery structures) formed thru electrostatic attraction

the double bonds in a unsaturated fatty acid causes the carbon chain to __

kink. Meaning unsaturated fats cannot be paired tg tightly

Phosophate head is __ charged

negatively