Master EMT

a-/an-

not/without

bi-

two

brady-

slow

hemi

half

hypo

low

tachy

fast

hyper

above/excessive

abdomin/o

abdomen

arteri/o

artery

bronch/o

air passages in lungs

cardi/o

heart

cyan

blue

derm/o

skin

em/hem

blood

laryng/o

larynx

my/o

muscle

nas/o

nose

meur/o

nerves

pnea

breathing

pulmon/o

lungs

therm

heat

vas/o

vessel

ven/o

vein

-constriction

narrowing

dilation

widening

eurysm

expanding/widening

ia

condition of

itis

inflammation of

algia

pain

plegia

paralysis

anatomical position

stands upright, palms facing forward

midline/sagittal plane

vertical line dividing body into left and right side

lateral

away from midline

medial

towards midline

midaxillary line/frontal plane

vertical line dividing body into front and back

posterior/dorsal

back of body

anterior/ventral

front of body

transverse plane

horizontal line dividing body into top and bottom

superior

above transverse

inferior

below transverse plane

proximal

toward torso

distal

away from torso

expressed consent

verbal agreement to treatment by competent patient

implied consent

unconscious, inebriated, or otherwise unable to express consent would reasonably agree to treatment

In loco parentis

used for underage patients whose parents are not present but would reasonably agree to treatment

competency

no standard to define competence but someone who is alert and oriented and can make reasonable decisions

Good Samaritan Law

protects legal action from people performing emergency procedure for which they are trained and certified

negligence

failure of reasonable care resulting in damage or injury to another

online medical direction

transfer patient care to online physician while EMT acts as eyes and ears

off line medical direction

written protocols, standing orders from medical control and does not require calling medical direction

HIPAA

established in 1996 ensures confidentiality of patient medical information

flexion

decrease angle between bones and joint (bend knee)

extension

increase angle between bones and joint (straighten knee)

dorsiflexion

toes to nose

plantarflexion

pressing on the gas

adduction

moving limb toward midline

abduction

moving limb away from midline

pronation

rotating bone medially from another bone

supination

rotating bone laterally from another bone

ball and socket

joint like hips and shoulders

hinge

joint like elbows and knees

tendons

connect bone to muscle

ligaments

connect bone to bone

skeletal muscle (voluntary)

connects to skeletal bones and controlled by brain and nervous system

smooth muscle (involuntary)

under control of automatic nervous system (diaphragm, digestion)

cardiac muscle

involuntary but unique ability for automaticity

automaticity

cardiac cell ability to general its own electrical impulses

excitability

heart cell’s ability to respond to electrical impulses

conductivity

cell’s ability to transmit an electrical impulse to another cell

contractility

cardiac muscle ability to contract after electrical impulse

rhythmicity

cell’s ability to send electrical impulses in regularly and evenly paced

refractoriness

cell’s inability to respond to another electrical impulse

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

pacemaker of the heart, causes contraction motion

atrioventricular node (AV node)

signal passed from SA node to AV node by right ventricle

Bundle of His

separates right and left ventricles to split the electrical pathway into sides for each ventricle

Left and right bundle branches

two electrical pathways from the bundle of His

Purkinje Fibers

thin fibers cause ventricles to contract and pump blood

RUQ

liver, right kidney, colon, pancreas, gallbladder

LUQ

liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas

RLQ

colon, small intestine, ureter, appendix

LLQ

colon, small intestine, ureter

Sympathetic nervous system

fight/ flight, inc HR, inc RR, inc blood flow, vasoconstriction, dilate pupils, sweaty

Parasympathetic system

rest and digest, dec HR, dec RR, dec blood flow, vasodilation, constrict pupils

pituitary gland

secretes hormones to control other glands

hypothalamus

secretes and metabolizes neurohormones to stimulate or inhibit pituitary gland

pineal

secretes melatonin and regulate reproductive hromones

thymus

stimulate T cell development

thyroid

controls metabolism

parathyroid

metabolism of calcium and phosphorous

adrenal

produces adrenaline and norepinephrine to control stimuli response

gonads

produce sex hormones (ovaries and testes)

pancreas

produces insulin and glucagon

pale skin

shock, blood loss, anemia, hypothermia

cyanotic skin

hypothermia, shock, hypovolemia, respiratory distress, asphyxia, hypoxia

flushed skin

burns, hyperthermia, skin conditions, medications, emotions

jaundiced skin

liver inflammation, blocked bile duct, hepatitis, alcohol abuse, reabsorption of hematoma, SCA

Crackles/rales

lower airway

fluid in or collapsed alveoli

heard during inspiration or expiration

wheeze

lower airway

swelling of airway, partial obstruction, excess secretions

during inspiration or expiration

rhonchi

lower airway

obstruction or mucus buildup in large airways

snoring sounds

stridor

upper airway

obstruction of upper airway

pediatric —> croup