Motor Speech Final Review

which structure is primarily responsible for initiating voluntary motor movements?

primary motor cortex

the corticospinal tract is part of which motor system?

pyramidal

what is the function of the upper motor neurons?

transmit motor commands from the cortex to LMN

damage to the cerebellum typically result in

ataxia

which of the following best describes the extrapyramidal system?

it modulates motor activity and posture

what is the hallmark feature of LMN damage?

muscle atrophy and fasciculations

which brain structure acts as a relay center for motor and sensory pathways

thalamus

which descending motor tract is primarily responsible for fine motor control of limbs?

corticospinal tract

what is the primary role of the basal ganglia in motor control?

motor initiation and inhibition

which of the following symptoms suggests UMN involvement?

positive babinski sign

which cranial nerve controls jaw movement for speech and mastication?

CN V trigeminal

the facial nerve is important for speech because it

moves the lips for bilabial and labiodental sounds

the vagus nerve plays a key role in

phonation and velar elevation

which cranial nerve innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

CN XII

the glossopharyngeal nerve contributes to speech by

velopharyngeal closure and resonance

damage to the hypoglossal nerve may result in

tongue deviation and imprecise articulation

which cranial nerves are involved in velopharyngeal closure for resonance and speech

CN IX and X

the accessory nerve indirectly affects speech by

supporting head and neck positioning during speech

a patient presents with nasal emission and breathy voice. this may indicate damage to

CN X

which set of cranial nerves plays a direct role in articulation and resonance

CN V, VII, X, XII

Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

CN V - trigeminal

Damage to which cranial nerve would most likely result in facial asymmetry?

CN VII - facial

Which cranial nerve is most responsible for tongue movement?

CN XII

The pharyngeal branch of CN X primarily controls which function?

Velopharyngeal closure

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) plays a role in which of the following?

Laryngeal elevation and taste

Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for vocal fold movement?

CN X

The facial nerve (CN VII) is involved in which motor speech function?

lip rounding and retraction

Which cranial nerve contributes to palatal movement and gag reflex?

CN IX

Which subsystem of speech is responsible for air pressure and airflow generation?

respiratory

The phonatory subsystem involves which structure primarily

vocal folds

Which subsystem modulates nasality in speech?

resonatory

The articulatory subsystem includes all EXCEPT:

larynx

Which cranial nerve contributes to both resonance and phonation?

CN X

The respiratory subsystem is assessed clinically using:

maximum phonation time

Damage to CN XII would most directly impact which function?

tongue mobility

Which cranial nerve is tested by asking the client to puff their cheeks and smile?

CN VII

Speech intelligibility is most closely linked to which subsystem?

articulatory

A hoarse, breathy voice indicates a problem with which subsystem?

resonatory

Hypernasality is most commonly caused by dysfunction of:

CN X

The trigeminal nerve (CN V) plays a role in

jaw and face sensation

Which subsystem supports loudness and vocal intensity?

respiratory

A person with reduced loudness and short phrases may have a deficit in the:

respiratory subsystem

Which cranial nerves are assessed together for palatal movement and gag reflex?

CN IX and X

The articulatory subsystem transforms airflow into:

intelligible speech

The subsystem most directly responsible for pitch and intonation is:

phonatory

Which of the following is most characteristic of flaccid dysarthria?

hypernasality

A lesion in which structure typically causes spastic dysarthria?

bilateral upper motor neurons

Unilateral upper motor neuron (UUMN) dysarthria most commonly presents with:

mild articulatory imprecision and facial weakness

Which dysarthria is associated with hypotonia and fasciculations?

flaccid

What is the most distinguishing vocal feature of spastic dysarthria?

harsh, strained-strangled voice

Which cerebellar sign is commonly linked to ataxic dysarthria?

dysmetria

Which of the following best describes the speech of someone with ataxic dysarthria?

slurred, scanning speech with irregular prosody

UUMN dysarthria is most often:

transient and mild

Which of the following is commonly seen in flaccid dysarthria but not in spastic?

fasciculations

The hallmark of spastic dysarthria is:

slow rate, effortful speech, strained-strangled voice

Damage to the cerebellum leads to which dysarthria?

ataxic

Which cranial nerves are often implicated in flaccid dysarthria?

CN IX, X, XI, XII

Spastic dysarthria often results from:

brainstem strokes affecting both hemispheres

UUMN dysarthria often affects which hemisphere more prominently

left

speech in flaccid dysarthria may show

nasal emission and breathy phonation

irregular articulatory breakdowns and excess loudness variations are most indicative of

ataxic dysarthria

What type of dysarthria typically includes emotional lability as a non-speech feature?

flaccid dysarthria

Bilateral upper motor neuron damage causes which type of dysarthria?

spastic

Which type is typically associated with consistent but imprecise articulation?

spastic

Which type is most frequently described as having "drunken" speech?

ataxic

The neuromuscular condition characterized by reduced reflexes and hypotonia is:

LMN lesion

Jaw deviation and tongue weakness would most likely indicate:

flaccid dysarthria

Prosodic excess and irregular AMRs (alternating motion rates) are signs of:

ataxic dysarthria

Which type of dysarthria involves poor coordination between speech subsystems?

ataxic

Which of the following dysarthrias is commonly temporary and often resolves?

UUMN

Which of the following is a hallmark feature of hypokinetic dysarthria?

monopitch

Hypokinetic dysarthria is most commonly associated with which neurological disorder?

parkinson’s disease

A prominent speech feature in hyperkinetic dysarthria includes:

voice tremor

which speech subsystem is most affected in hypokinetic dysarthria?

phonatory

Tremor, chorea, and dystonia are motor symptoms associated with which dysarthria type?

hyperkinetic

Short rushes of speech are most commonly observed in:

hypokinetic dysarthria

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with hyperkinetic dysarthria?

increased overall speech rate

Hypokinetic dysarthria often results from damage to the:

basal ganglia control circuit

Which feature best differentiates hyperkinetic from hypokinetic dysarthria?

abnormal, involuntary movements

Palilalia is most commonly observed in which dysarthria type?

hypokinetic

The speech rate in hyperkinetic dysarthria is typically:

variable due to involuntary movements

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of hypokinetic dysarthria?

tremor

Involuntary movements affecting speech production are most often associated with:

hyperkinetic dysarthria

The basal ganglia are primarily involved in:

coordinating automatic movements

A common treatment strategy for hypokinetic dysarthria includes:

LSVT

Hyperkinetic dysarthria may result from lesions in the

basal ganglia control circuit

Which feature is shared by both hypokinetic and hyperkinetic dysarthria?

imprecise articulation

Which is a perceptual characteristic more specific to hyperkinetic dysarthria?

variable speech rate

Vocal flutter and strained voice quality in hyperkinetic dysarthria are due to:

dystonia or tremor

Masked facies is most commonly associated with:

hypokinetic dysarthria

Hyperkinetic dysarthria in Huntington’s disease presents primarily with:

chorea induced variability

What is a diagnostic indicator of hypokinetic dysarthria from perceptual analysis?

increased red

Which disorder commonly leads to hyperkinetic dysarthria?

huntington’s disease

The term 'prosodic insufficiency' best describes features of:

hypokinetic dysarthria

What type of involuntary movement is most commonly observed in hyperkinetic dysarthria?

chorea

Which of the following is the most common type of mixed dysarthria seen in ALS?

flaccid-spastic

Which degenerative disease is most commonly associated with mixed flaccid-spastic dysarthria?

ALS

Which combination of dysarthrias is most commonly caused by multiple strokes?

spastic-ataxic

Which of the following best describes the speech characteristics of spastic-ataxic dysarthria?

strained voice, irregular AMRs, imprecise articulation

In Multiple System Atrophy, the most common dysarthria types are

hypokinetic and ataxic